Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation causes sustained increase in neural activity in the rat hippocampus.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that can modulate many brain functions including learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that tDCS memory effects may be caused by co-stimulation of scalp nerves such as the trigeminal nerve (TN), and not the electric field in the brain. The TN gives input to brainstem nuclei, including the locus coeruleus that controls noradrenaline release across brain regions, including hippocampus.

Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation causes sustained increase in neural activity in the rat hippocampus.

Unlabelled: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that can modulate many brain functions including learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that tDCS memory effects may be caused by co-stimulation of scalp nerves such as the trigeminal nerve (TN), and not the electric field in the brain. The TN gives input to brainstem nuclei, including the locus coeruleus that controls noradrenaline release across brain regions, including hippocampus.

Utility of hybrid PET/MRI in stereoelectroencephalography guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in MRI negative epilepsy patients.

Introduction: Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is a novel advanced non-invasive presurgical examination tool for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). This study aims to evaluate the utility of PET/MRI in patients with DRE who undergo stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG-guided RFTC).

Methods: This retrospective study included 27 patients with DRE who underwent hybrid PET/MRI and SEEG-guided RFTC.

Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: One of the experimental neuromodulation techniques being researched for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is deep brain stimulation (DBS). To evaluate the effectiveness of DBS in AD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence.

Methods: From the inception through December 2021, the following databases were searched: Medline PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Unilateral pallidotomy as a potential rescue therapy for cervical dystonia after unsatisfactory selective peripheral denervation.

Objective: Selective peripheral denervation (SPD) is a widely accepted surgery for medically refractory cervical dystonia (CD), but when SPD has failed, the available approaches are limited. The authors investigated the results from a cohort of CD patients treated with unilateral pallidotomy after unsatisfactory SPD.

Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed patients with primary CD who underwent unilateral pallidotomy after SPD between April 2007 and August 2019.

Habenular Stimulation for Neurosurgery Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report.

Background: Some patients suffer from persistent and severely disabling Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms that cannot be alleviated by conventional treatments or neuroablative interventions targeting cortico-striatal loop circuits. Currently, it is unclear how to manage the clinical symptoms of these unique patients. We reasoned that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the habenula (HB) could be a valuable subsequent treatment option for these otherwise medically intractable cases of severe OCD.

Bilateral anterior capsulotomy enhances medication compliance in patients with epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities.

Objectives: Patients with epilepsy and refractory comorbid psychiatric disorders often experience functional impairments and a lower quality of life as well as showing a lack of compliance with anti-epileptic medication regimens. We reasoned that widespread clinical benefits could be gained if the psychiatric comorbidities among these patients were reduced. In this study, we assessed the utility of anterior capsulotomy in managing medication-refractory comorbid psychotic symptoms and aggression in patients with epilepsy.

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus versus the subthalamic nucleus in isolated dystonia.

Objective: Surgical procedures involving deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) are well-established treatments for isolated dystonia. However, selection of the best stimulation target remains a matter of debate. The authors' objective was to compare the effectiveness of DBS of the GPi and the STN in patients with isolated dystonia.

Pallidal deep brain stimulation combined with capsulotomy for Tourette's syndrome with psychiatric comorbidity.

Objective: A current challenge is finding an effective and safe treatment for severely disabled patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and comorbid psychiatric disorders, in whom conventional treatments have failed. The authors aimed to evaluate the utility of globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy in treating these clinically challenging patients.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of the clinical history and outcomes of 10 severely disabled patients with treatment-refractory TS and a psychiatric comorbidity, who had undergone GPi-DBS combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy in their hospital.

Spinal Cord Stimulation Combined with Anterior Cingulotomy to Manage Refractory Phantom Limb Pain.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is an intractable and debilitating disease without satisfactory treatment options presently available. Central reorganization, peripheral changes, and psychiatric factors contribute to its development; thus, a neuropsychiatry-orientated combined therapy could be promising.

Objectives: We used a combined strategy with the aims of demonstrating its therapeutic outcomes on PLP.

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with primary dystonia: A ten-year follow-up study.

Background: Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a promising intervention for primary dystonia; however, evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking. Thus, a long-term follow-up is indispensable.

Objective: This trial was designed to examine the efficacy and consistency of subthalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with primary dystonia over the long term.

Long-term follow-up of bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation for refractory tardive dystonia.

Background: No effective treatment for tardive dystonia (TD) has been well established. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can ameliorate motor manifestations in primary dystonia, and may also be an effective approach for TD.

Objectives: This study aimed to illuminate the long-term efficacy and safety of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS in treating TD.