Near-Infrared Nanothermometer Reveals Temperature Discrepancy between Organs and Body Surface for Heatstroke Prevention.

Organ temperatures often vary significantly from body surface temperatures during heatstroke, leading to acute organ failure, although body temperature is continuously controlled. However, the exact temperature discrepancy between them remains unclear due to a lack of noninvasive techniques for real-time monitoring of organ temperature fluctuations. Herein, we developed a near-infrared emissive nanothermometer by codoping Nd and Yb to produce two distinct emissions at 980 and 1330 nm under 808 nm excitation.

Nano-optogenetics for Disease Therapies.

Optogenetic, known as the method of 21 centuries, combines optic and genetic engineering to precisely control photosensitive proteins for manipulation of a broad range of cellular functions, such as flux of ions, protein oligomerization and dissociation, cellular intercommunication, and so on. In this technique, light is conventionally delivered to targeted cells through optical fibers or micro light-emitting diodes, always suffering from high invasiveness, wide-field illumination facula, strong absorption, and scattering by nontargeted endogenous substance. Light-transducing nanomaterials with advantages of high spatiotemporal resolution, abundant wireless-excitation manners, and easy functionalization for recognition of specific cells, recently have been widely explored in the field of optogenetics; however, there remain a few challenges to restrain its clinical applications.