Boosting CO Conversion by Synergy of Lead-Free Perovskite CsSnCl and Plasma with HO.

Although dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is a promising technique for CO conversion, realizing CO-to-alcohol is still challenging via the use of HO. Herein, for the first time, efficient CO conversion was achieved via the synergism between the CsSnCl photocatalyst and DBD plasma assisted by HO. The CO conversion ratio of plasma photocatalysis was 6.

Expression analysis of Igs and mucosal immune responses upon SVCV infection in common carp ().

The immunoglobulin (Ig) is a crucial component of adaptive immune system in vertebrates including teleost fish. Here complete cDNA sequence of IgD heavy chain gene from common carp () was cloned and analyzed. The full-length cDNA of IgD heavy chain gene contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 2460 bp encoding 813 amino acids.

Dynamic Interaction Between Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota Drives Nose and Pharynx Homeostasis of Common Carp () After SVCV Infection.

The crosstalk between the immune system and microbiota drives an amazingly complex mutualistic symbiosis. In mammals, the upper respiratory tract acts as a gateway for pathogen invasion, and the dynamic interaction between microbiota and mucosal immunity on its surface can effectively prevent disease development. However, the relationship between virus-mediated mucosal immune responses and microbes in lower vertebrates remains uncharacterized.

Interactions Between Commensal Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in Teleost Fish During Viral Infection With SVCV.

The mucosa of vertebrates is a particularly complex but dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of commensal microorganisms and pathogens. Although the internal and external mucosal microbiomes with immune defense of mammals have been well investigated, the relationship between mucosal microbes and their host's immune responses has not been systematically understood in the early vertebrates. In this study, we compared the composition and distribution of mucosal microbiota in common carp (), and found that there were significant differences of microbiota between in the internal (gut) and external mucosal (buccal mucosa, gills and skin) tissues.

Prevailing Role of Mucosal Igs and B Cells in Teleost Skin Immune Responses to Bacterial Infection.

The skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that of teleost fish lacks keratinization and has evolved to operate as a mucosal surface containing a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing the prevalent Ig in SALT have only been reported upon infection with a parasite.

Mediation of Mucosal Immunoglobulins in Buccal Cavity of Teleost in Antibacterial Immunity.

The buccal mucosa (BM) of vertebrates is a critical mucosal barrier constantly exposed to rich and diverse pathogens from air, water, and food. While mammals are known to contain a mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the buccal cavity which induces B-cells and immunoglobulins (Igs) responses against bacterial pathogens, however, very little is known about the evolutionary roles of buccal MALT in immune defense. Here we developed a bath infection model that rainbow trout experimentally exposed to (), which is well known as a mucosal pathogen.

The predominant role of mucosal immunoglobulin IgT in the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after infection with Flavobacterium columnare.

Columnaris disease, induced by Flavobacterium columnare, seriously affects the health of freshwater fish species and damages the mucosal tissues, such as the fins, skin, and gills. Teleosts represent the first bony vertebrate to contain both innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. So far, three immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, IgD, and IgT/IgZ) have been identified in teleost fish, and IgT in mucosal tissues of teleost fish was reported to perform a similar function to IgA in mammals during parasitic infection.