Establishment and application of recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick for the detection of mcr-1 in uncultured clinical samples.

Objectives: The rapid dissemination of the mcr-1 gene via plasmid-mediated transfer has raised concerns regarding the efficacy of colistin as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Current mcr-1 gene detection methods mainly focus on cultured bacteria, which is a complex and time-consuming process requiring skilled personnel, making it unsuitable for field analysis.

Methods: A rapid detection technique combining recombinase polymerase amplification with a lateral flow dipstick targeting uncultured clinical samples was developed.

Genetic epidemiology and plasmid-mediated transmission of by ST155 from wastewater of long-term care facilities.

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for older people play an important and unique role in multidrug-resistant organism transmission. Herein, we investigated the genetic characteristics of mobile colistin resistance gene ()-carrying strains isolated from wastewater of LTCFs in Shanghai. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by agar dilution methods.

Relationship of close contact settings with transmission and infection during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 epidemic in Shanghai.

Introduction: We analysed case-contact clusters during the Omicron BA.2 epidemic in Shanghai to assess the risk of infection of contacts in different settings and to evaluate the effect of demographic factors on the association of infectivity and susceptibility to the Omicron variant.

Methods: Data on the settings and frequency of contact, demographic characteristics and comorbidities of index cases, contacts and secondary cases were analysed.

Genotypic and spatial analysis of transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: a 10-year prospective population-based surveillance study.

Background: With improved tuberculosis (TB) control programs, the incidence of TB in China declined dramatically over the past few decades, but recently the rate of decrease has slowed, especially in large cities such as Shanghai. To help formulate strategies to further reduce TB incidence, we performed a 10-year study in Songjiang, a district of Shanghai, to delineate the characteristics, transmission patterns, and dynamic changes of the local TB burden.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients diagnosed in Songjiang during 2011-2020.

Stability and genetic insights of the co-existence of , , and harboring conjugative IncI2 plasmid isolated from a clinical extensively-drug resistant ST744 in Shanghai.

Background: Co-existence of colistin, β-lactam and carbapenem in multidrug-resistant isolates poses a serious threat to public health. In this study, we investigated and characterized the co-occurrence of , , and strain isolated from a clinical extensively-drug-resistant ST744 in Shanghai.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by agar dilution methods.

Effect of mobile health reminders on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Shanghai, China: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Poor adherence increases the risk of unfavorable outcomes for tuberculosis (TB) patients. Mobile health (mHealth) reminders become promising approaches to support TB patients' treatment. But their effects on TB treatment outcomes remain controversial.

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and incidence of active tuberculosis in school close contacts in Shanghai, China: Baseline and follow-up results of a prospective cohort study.

Background: The management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key action for the realization of the "End tuberculosis (TB) Strategy" worldwide, and it is important to identify priority populations. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated the prevalence of LTBI and incidence of active TB among close contacts and explored the suitable TB control strategy in schools.

Methods: We designed a cohort with 2 years of follow-up, recruiting freshman/sophomore TB patients' close contacts from three administrative districts in Shanghai.

Analysis of circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strains in Shanghai, China identified a new and increasingly prevalent lineage within the dominant ON1 genotype.

Respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV-A) is one of the commonest pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in infants and children globally. The currently dominant circulating genotype of RSV-A, ON1, was first detected in Shanghai, China in 2011, but little data are available regarding its subsequent circulation and clinical impact here. In this work, we analyzed RSV-A infection in a cohort of patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infections in Shanghai Children's Hospital, and RSV-A was detected in ~10% of these cases.

Assessing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Physicians for Home Death Certification in Shanghai: Application of SmartVA.

Approximately 30% of deaths in Shanghai either occur at home or are not medically attended. The recorded cause of death (COD) in these cases may not be reliable. We applied the Smart Verbal Autopsy (VA) tool to assign the COD for a representative sample of home deaths certified by 16 community health centers (CHCs) from three districts in Shanghai, from December 2017 to June 2018.

Are cause of death data for Shanghai fit for purpose? A retrospective study of medical records.

Objectives: To assess the quality of cause of death reporting in Shanghai for both hospital and home deaths.

Design And Setting: Medical records review (MRR) to independently establish a reference data set against which to compare original and adjusted diagnoses from a sample of three tertiary hospitals, one secondary level hospital and nine community health centres in Shanghai.

Participants: 1757 medical records (61% males, 39% females) of deaths that occurred in these sample sites in 2017 were reviewed using established diagnostic standards.

Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Classical Human Astrovirus Infection in Shanghai, 2015-2016.

Objective: Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses of the family. Infection of classic HAstVs is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis (infectious viral diarrhea). There is a lack of data on the prevalence and genetic characterization of classic HAstVs in acute viral gastroenteritis in the whole population.

Effect of the Xpert MTB/RIF on the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and rifampicin resistance in Shanghai, China.

Background: Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is an automated molecular test recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). This study evaluated the effect of Xpert implementation on the detection of pulmonary TB (PTB) and rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) cases in Shanghai, China.

Methods: Xpert was routinely implemented in 2018 for all presumptive PTB patients.

Epidemiology, aetiology and seasonality of infectious diarrhoea in adult outpatients through active surveillance in Shanghai, China, 2012-2016: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, aetiology and seasonality of sporadic infectious diarrhoea in adults in Shanghai.

Setting: This study was based on a city-wide, active continuous hospital-based diarrhoea surveillance network established by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. There were 22 sentinel hospitals in all 16 districts (9 primary-level hospitals, 6 secondary-level hospitals and 7 tertiary-level hospitals) which were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method.

Time to Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Initiation in Association with Treatment Outcomes in Shanghai, China.

In high tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries such as China, the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) takes months, making treatment delay inevitable. Poor outcomes of MDR-TB might be associated with delayed, even inappropriate, treatment. The purposes of this study were to investigate the time to MDR-TB treatment initiation and to assess the association between early treatment and treatment outcomes.

Recurrent tuberculosis in an urban area in China: Relapse or exogenous reinfection?

Recurrent tuberculosis is an important indicator of the effectiveness of tuberculosis control and can occur by relapse or exogenous reinfection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis cases that were successfully treated between 2000 and 2012 in Shanghai, an urban area with a high number but a low prevalence rate of tuberculosis cases and a low prevalence of HIV infection. Genotyping the Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical isolates was used to distinguish between relapse and reinfection.

Transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: a retrospective observational study using whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation.

Background: Multidrug-resistance is a substantial threat to global elimination of tuberculosis. Understanding transmission patterns is crucial for control of the disease. We used a genomic and epidemiological approach to assess recent transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and identify potential risk factors for transmission.

Resistance to Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs and Delay in Drug Susceptibility Testing among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai.

Introduction. Second-line antituberculosis drugs (SLDs) are used for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Prolonged delays before confirming MDR-TB with drug susceptibility testing (DST) could result in transmission of drug-resistant strains and inappropriate use of SLDs, thereby increasing the risk of resistance to SLDs.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Shanghai, China.

Background: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in children. Also, antibiotic resistance among DEC is becoming a critical area of concern in clinical settings.

Methods: This study was conducted in 4 hospitals in Shanghai from June 2012 to October 2013.

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage in Chinese children aged 12-18 months in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are leading causes of childhood pneumonia and meningitis and are major contributors to worldwide mortality in children younger than 5 years of age. Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus and Hib was determined for healthy children in Shanghai in 2009.

Methods: Children from 5 immunization clinics were enrolled in this study.

[Epidemiology of confirmed and suspected norovirus outbreaks in Shanghai, 2010-2014].

Objective: To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of confirmed and suspected norovirus outbreaks in Shanghai during 2010-2014.

Methods: The investigation reports of confirmed and suspected norovirus outbreaks in Shanghai from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed.

Results: A total of 80 norovirus outbreaks, involving 2 399 cases, were reported during this period, and the overall attack rate was 4.

Diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in an aging population in Shanghai, China: Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the difference of clinical characteristics and outcomes between pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus in an aging population in Shanghai, China.

Methods: This is a retrospective population-based study. 201 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Changning District, Shanghai during 2007-2008 were included.

Tuberculosis-associated mortality in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To determine excess mortality in a cohort of people with tuberculosis in Shanghai.

Methods: Participants were local residents in 4 (of 19) districts in Shanghai, registered in one of four tuberculosis clinics between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008. Baseline data were collected at the most recent diagnosis of tuberculosis and mortality was assessed between March and May of 2014.

Epidemiology of norovirus infections among diarrhea outpatients in a diarrhea surveillance system in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Norovirus is an important cause of gastroenteritis both in children and adults. In China, few studies have been conducted on adult populations. This study aimed to determine the contribution of norovirus to gastroenteritis, characterize the features of norovirus infections, compare them with other pathogens, and test the effectiveness of the surveillance system.