Reprogramming of adult human neural stem cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.

Background: Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors.

Methods: NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC), iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained.

[Preliminary experience of 16-layer three-dimensional computed tomography in diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous malformations].

Purpose: We assessed the value of 16-layer three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnosis of the arteriovenous malformations (AVM).

Methods: 16 patients with AVM were examined by 16 layers CT scan and DSA.

Results: The DSA imaging provided excellent visualization in all of patients, including size, location, and feeding arterial of AVM.