[Orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder: evaluations of urodynamics and upper urinary tract functions].

Objective: To evaluate the urodynamics and functions of upper urinary tract in a substitute of orthotopic T pouch ileal bladder.

Methods: From June 2004 through September 2009, 90 patients underwent the construction of an orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The radiographic or ultrasound evaluation of upper urinary tract, determination of renal functions and urodynamic evaluation of T pouch ileal neobladder were performed by data analysis.

[Optimization methods in radiation treatment planning].

The optimization methods in radiation treatment planning are reviewed in this paper, including the physical and biological optimization models, the optimization for Gamma knife treatment planning, the optimization for intensity modulated radiation treatment planning and the optimization for intravascular brachytherapy treatment planning. The development trend of radiation treatment planning is also introduced in the paper.

Three-dimensional identification of the cystic infundibulum-cystic duct junction: a technique for identification of the cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective: The main cause of bile duct injury (BDI) at laparoscopic cholecystectomy is misidentification of the common bile duct as the cystic duct (CD). The aim of this article is to introduce a modified technique, i.e.