Compared to antibiotic, feeding peony byproducts can improve growth performance, rumen fermentation, slaughter parameters, and meat quality of lambs.

Our objective was to determine effects of feeding lamb's peony byproducts, including stem and leaves (PSL), root (PR), and seeds meal (PSM), on growth, rumen fermentation, slaughter parameters, and meat quality. Sixty-four lambs (14.0 ± 2.

Histology, physiology, and transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveal the developmental dynamics of annual shoots in tree peonies ( Andr.).

The development of tree peony annual shoots is characterized by "withering", which is related to whether there are bud points in the leaf axillaries of annual shoots. However, the mechanism of "withering" in tree peony is still unclear. In this study, 'Fengdan' and 'Luoyanghong' were used to investigate dynamic changes of annual shoots through anatomy, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome.

Combined genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative trait locus analysis uncovers a genetic regulatory network of floral organ number in a tree peony ( Andrews) breeding population.

Great progress has been made in our understanding of floral organ identity determination and its regulatory network in many species; however, the quantitative genetic basis of floral organ number variation is far less well understood for species-specific traits from the perspective of population variation. Here, using a tree peony ( Andrews, Paeoniaceae) cultivar population as a model, the phenotypic polymorphism and genetic variation based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis were analyzed. Based on 24 phenotypic traits of 271 representative cultivars, the transcript profiles of 119 cultivars were obtained, which indicated abundant genetic variation in tree peony.

PhUGT78A22, a novel glycosyltransferase in Paeonia 'He Xie', can catalyze the transfer of glucose to glucosylated anthocyanins during petal blotch formation.

Background: Flower color patterns play an important role in the evolution and subsequent diversification of flowers by attracting animal pollinators. This interaction can drive the diversity observed in angiosperms today in many plant families such as Liliaceae, Paeoniaceae, and Orchidaceae, and increased their ornamental values. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the differential distribution of anthocyanins within petals remains unclear in Paeonia.

ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-ω3 FATTY ACID DESATURASE3 module regulates unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in Paeonia ostii.

Paeonia ostii is an authorized novel vegetable oil crop due to its seeds rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), which overweight the current available edible oil. However, little is known on the regulation mechanism of UFAs biosynthesis during its seed development. Here, we used transcriptome and proteome data combining phytochemistry means to uncover the relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and UFAs biosynthesis during P.

Phytochemical profiles and the hypoglycemic effects of tree peony seed coats.

As emerging woody oil crops, the tree peony seeds recently have been attracting great attention for their metabolites and bioactivities. In this research, the phytochemical profiles of the seed coats of tree peonies from different production regions were investigated systematically. Twelve phytochemicals were separated and prepared, mainly belonging to stilbenes.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of genes involved in stem lignin biosynthesis in woody and herbaceous Paeonia species.

Paeonia is recognized globally due to its ornamental value. However, the mechanisms behind the formation of distinct levels of lignification in Paeonia stems remain largely unknown. In this study, we selected three representative Paeonia species, namely P.

Dietary Improves Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets.

(MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary MCR supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of the pigs and to explore whether MCR exerts positive effects on intestinal health regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota. MCR powder was identified by LC-MS analysis.

A comprehensive study of three species of Paeonia stem and leaf phytochemicals, and their antioxidant activities.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Paeonia plants have been widely used as traditional Chinese medicinal materials for more than 2,000 years in the treatment of cardiovascular, extravasated blood and female genital diseases; paeoniflorin and paeonol have been implicated as the plants' primary active ingredients.

Aim Of The Study: Previous studies have been singularly focused on the chemical constituents and content variation of the Paeonia roots in the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine, with the plants' stems and leaves considered useless. This study aims to explore the chemical constituents, content variation, and antioxidant capacity in Paeonia stems and leaves for the future utilization of traditional Chinese medicine, given that current practices of digging and trade endanger Paeonia in the wild.

Ecotopic over-expression of PoCHS from Paeonia ostii altered the fatty acids composition and content in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and has been studied in many plants, but the function of the CHS gene has not been well characterized in Paeonia ostii. In this study, we obtained a CHS homolog gene from P. ostii, which possessed the putative conserved amino acids of chalcone synthase by multiple alignment analysis and demonstrated the highest expression in developing seeds.

Fatty Acid Composition, Phytochemistry, Antioxidant Activity on Seed Coat and Kernel of from Main Geographic Production Areas.

is an important woody oil plant cultivated in China on a large scale. Its seed oil is enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and a high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which are beneficial to human health. The aim of this research is to determine the qualitative traits characteristic of seed from various production areas in China.

Chalcone synthase is ubiquitinated and degraded via interactions with a RING-H2 protein in petals of Paeonia 'He Xie'.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed among angiosperms, where they play diverse roles in plant growth, development, and evolution. The regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control of flavonoid biosynthesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed post-translational regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in the ornamental plant Paeonia, using proteome and ubiquitylome profiling, in conjunction with transcriptome data.

A Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Contributes to Petal Blotch Formation by Regulating Organ-Specific Expression of PsCHS in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa).

Flower color patterns play critical roles in plant-pollinator interactions and represent one of the most common adaptations during angiosperm evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color pattern formation are less understood in non-model organisms. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in the formation of petal blotches in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) through transcriptome profiling and functional experiments.

Phytochemical variation among the traditional Chinese medicine Mu Dan Pi from Paeonia suffruticosa (tree peony).

Mu Dan Pi is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat inflammation, cancer, allergies, diabetes, angiocardiopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the metabolome variation within Mu Dan Pi collected from 372 tree peony cultivars was systematically investigated. In total, 42 metabolites were identified, comprising of 14 monoterpene glucosides, 11 tannins, 8 paeonols, 6 flavonoids, and 3 phenols.

Overexpression of PSK1, a SKP1-like gene homologue, from Paeonia suffruticosa, confers salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Our study is the first to demonstrate that PSK1 , a SKP1 -like gene homologue, is involved in salinity tolerance. Our functional characterization of PSK1 provides new insights into tree peony development. A homologous gene of S-phase kinase-associated protein1 (SKP1) was cloned from tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and denoted as PSK1.

Methylation mediated by an anthocyanin, O-methyltransferase, is involved in purple flower coloration in Paeonia.

Anthocyanins are major pigments in plants. Methylation plays a role in the diversity and stability of anthocyanins. However, the contribution of anthocyanin methylation to flower coloration is still unclear.

Rapid microsatellite development for tree peony and its implications.

Background: Microsatellites are ubiquitous in genomes of various organisms. With the realization that they play roles in developmental and physiological processes, rather than exist as 'junk' DNA, microsatellites are receiving increasing attention. Next-generation sequencing allows acquisition of large-scale microsatellite information, and is especially useful for plants without reference genome sequences.

Analysis of the formation of flower shapes in wild species and cultivars of tree peony using the MADS-box subfamily gene.

Tree peony (Paeonia suffricotisa) cultivars have a unique character compared with wild species; the stamen petalody results in increased whorls of petals and generates different flower forms, which are one of the most important traits for cultivar classification. In order to investigate how petaloid stamens are formed, we obtained the coding sequence (666 bp) and genomic DNA sequence of the PsTM6 genes (belongs to B subfamily of MADS-box gene family) from 23 tree peony samples, Five introns and six exons consisted of the genomic DNA sequence. The analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements in the third and fourth intron indicated that they were highly conserved in all samples.

Three new oligostilbenes from the seeds of Paeonia suffruticosa.

Three new oligostilbenes, trans-suffruticosol D (1), cis-suffruticosol D (2), and cis-gnetin H (7), were isolated along with the eight known stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-epsilon-viniferin (4), cis-epsilon-viniferin (5), gnetin H (6), suffruticosol A (8), suffruticosol B (9), suffruticosol C (10), and cis-ampelopsin E (11) from the seeds of Paeonia suffruticosa. Compounds 3-6 were isolated for the first time from this plant species, and compound 11 was isolated for the first time from the genus Paeonia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectral analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

[Comparison of the content of effective components between tree peony wild species and main cultivars].

Objective: To determine the content of paeonol and paeoniflorin in wild tree peony species and main medicinal cultivars in order to provide scientific foundations for the industrialization of tree peony cortex.

Methods: HPLC was used to compare the effective content of different resources.

Results: (1) The content range of paeonol and paeoniflorin of 7 wild species was 0.

Studies on Paeonia cultivars and hybrids identification based on SRAP analysis.

Plants of Paeonia are valuable for their ornamental and medicinal values. Genetic relations and hybrids identification among different sections of Paeonia were studied using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 29 cultivars including 2 intersectional hybrids, 13 sect.

Molecular characterization of tree peony germplasm using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers.

This study examined 63 tree peony specimens, consisting of 3 wild species and 63 cultivars, using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers for the purpose of detecting genomic polymorphisms. Bulk DNA samples from each specimen were evaluated with 23 SRAP primer pairs. Among the 296 different amplicons, 262 were polymorphic.