Branched chain amino acid metabolism and microbiome in adolescents with obesity during weight loss therapy.

Background: Towards improving outcomes for adolescents with obesity, we aimed to define metabolic and microbiome phenotypes at baseline and post-weight loss intervention.

Methods: The Pediatric Obesity Microbiome and Metabolism Study enrolled 220 adolescents aged 10-18 with severe obesity (OB) and 67 healthy weight controls (HWC). Blood, stool, and clinical measures were collected at baseline and after a 6-month intervention for the OB group.

A novel mutation in the promoter region of RPL8 regulates milk fat traits in dairy cattle by binding transcription factor Pax6.

Ribosomal protein L8 (RPL8) was considered as a promising candidate gene for the milk fat percentage trait in dairy cattle in our previous genome-wide association studies, but the mechanism remains to be determined. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of bovine RPL8 on milk fat percentage. We demonstrated that RPL8 silencing in bovine mammary epithelial cells affected the expression of genes encoding fat-related enzymes (ACACA, FASN, ACSS1, FABP3, SREBP-1, DGAT1, GPAM, PLIN2, PLIN5 and CIDEA).