Fiber-type distribution and expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in newborn heterozygous myostatin-knockout pigs.

Objectives: To explore the effects of heterozygous myostatin-knockout (MSNT) on muscle characteristics, specifically fiber-type distribution and expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in pigs.

Results: The fiber cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles were much larger in MSTN pigs at birth than in wild-type (WT) pigs. MSTN pigs had a higher proportion of fast-type fibers and lower succinate dehydrogenase activity in muscles than WT pigs.

Parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer of porcine oocytes activated by an electric pulse and AZD5438 treatment.

We examined the in vitro developmental competence of parthenogenetic activation (PA) oocytes activated by an electric pulse (EP) and treated with various concentrations of AZD5438 for 4 h. Treatment with 10 µM AZD5438 for 4 h significantly improved the blastocyst formation rate of PA oocytes in comparison with 0, 20, or 50 µM AZD5438 treatment (46.4% vs.

RepSox improves viability and regulates gene expression in rhesus monkey-pig interspecies cloned embryos.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the small molecule, RepSox, on the expression of developmentally important genes and the pre-implantation development of rhesus monkey-pig interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos.

Results: Rhesus monkey cells expressing the monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 which have a normal (42) chromosome complement, were used as donor cells to generate iSCNT embryos. RepSox increased the expression levels of the pluripotency-related genes, Oct4 and Nanog (p < 0.

The developmental competence of oocytes parthenogenetically activated by an electric pulse and anisomycin treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental competence of oocytes parthenogenetically activated by an electric pulse (EP) and treated with anisomycin and to determine whether this method is applicable to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).

Results: Embryos derived from porcine oocytes parthenogenetically activated by an EP and treatment with 0.01 µg/mL anisomycin had a significantly improved in vitro developmental capacity.

Effect of histone acetylation modification with MGCD0103, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on nuclear reprogramming and the developmental competence of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos.

Cloning remains as an important technique to enhance the reconstitution and distribution of animal population with high-genetic merit. One of the major detrimental factors of this technique is the abnormal epigenetic modifications. MGCD0103 is known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

The EGFR T790M mutation in acquired resistance to an irreversible second-generation EGFR inhibitor.

Molecular target therapies using first-generation, reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as gefitinib or erlotinib, have been shown to be effective for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbor activating mutations in EGFR. However, these patients eventually develop resistance to the reversible TKIs, and this has led to the development of second-generation, irreversible EGFR inhibitors. Currently, the mechanism of acquired resistance to irreversible EGFR inhibitors is not clear.

Influence of nano-carrier architecture on in vitro siRNA delivery performance and in vivo biodistribution: polyplexes vs micelleplexes.

Micelle-based siRNA carriers ("micelleplexes") were prepared from the A-B-C triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PEG-PnBA-PDMAEMA), and their in vitro performance and in vivo biodistribution properties were compared with the benchmark PEGylated and basic polycation systems PEG-PDMAEMA and PDMAEMA, respectively. The micelle architecture, incorporating increased PEG shielding and a larger particle size (∼50 nm) than polycation-based complexes (polyplexes; ∼10 nm), enhances siRNA delivery performance in two important aspects: in vitro gene silencing efficiency and in vivo tumor accumulation. The in vitro gene silencing efficiency of the micelleplexes (24% in HeLa cells) was significantly better than the statistically insignificant levels observed for PDMAEMA and PEG-PDMAEMA polyplexes under identical conditions.

Modest anti-cancer activity of a bile acid acylated heparin derivative in a PC14PE6 induced orthotopic lung cancer model.

Purpose: A novel chemically modified heparin derivative, heparin-deoxycholic acid nano-particles, has lower anticoagulant activity, and was recently reported to have significant anti-tumor effects on squamous head and neck cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of heparin-deoxycholic acid nano-particles in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.

Materials And Methods: An orthotopic lung cancer model in 16 mice was developed using intra-thoracic injections of 0.

Clinicopathological implications of EpCAM expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Background: The frequency of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression was investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and human tissues, and its clinicopathological significance in adenocarcinoma of the lung was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: EpCAM expression was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry in human NSCLC cells. EpCAM protein expression was evaluated in 234 adenocarcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry.

L1 cell adhesion molecule as a predictor for recurrence in pulmonary carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine tumors.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are a distinct subset of neoplasms with indolent to aggressive behavior. This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic role of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. We retrospectively analyzed L1 expression in 55 cases of completely resected carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, by the immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody A10-A3 against human L1.

Nanoparticulate carrier containing water-insoluble iodinated oil as a multifunctional contrast agent for computed tomography imaging.

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging is a valuable and routine strategy for the clinical diagnosis of various diseases. However, all current CT contrast agents are liquids, so they flow through the blood vessels and disappear very quickly by extravasation. If it were possible to make a blood-compatible particulate contrast agent, we could highlight a particular tissue by either passive or active targeting.

Mouse orthotopic lung cancer model induced by PC14PE6.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate in detail the xenograft mouse orthotopic lung cancer model induced by PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells.

Materials And Methods: Three cell doses (0.5x10(6); 1x10(6); 2x10(6)) of PC14PE6 cells were injected into the lungs of male BALB/c nude mice by the intrathoracic injection method.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid secreted from islet beta-cells modulates exocrine secretion in rat pancreas.

Aim: To investigate the role of endogenous gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) in pancreatic exocrine secretion.

Methods: The isolated, vascularly perfused rat pancreas was employed in this study to eliminate the possible influences of extrinsic nerves and hormones. Cholecystokinin (CCK; 10 pmol/L) was intra-arterially given to stimulate exocrine secretion of the pancreas.

Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on action of gastrin-releasing peptidergic neurons in exocrine secretion of isolated, perfused rat pancreas.

Introduction: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported to enhance exocrine secretion evoked by intrinsic neuronal excitation in the pancreas.

Aim: To see the effect of GABA on the action of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)ergic neurons in exocrine secretion of the pancreas.

Methodology: Pancreatic neurons were excited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas.

Endogenous somatostatin inhibits interaction of insulin and cholecystokinin on exocrine secretion of isolated, perfused rat pancreas.

Introduction: Although somatostatin inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion, the inhibitory mechanism of endogenous somatostatin is not clearly understood.

Aim: To investigate the effect of endogenous somatostatin on the interaction between endogenous insulin and exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) in exocrine secretion of the totally isolated, perfused rat pancreas.

Methodology: Endogenous releases of somatostatin and insulin were induced by 18 mM glucose.