Association between dietary carotenoid intake and vertebral fracture in people aged 50 years and older: a study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Unlabelled: This study discussed the association between dietary intake of carotenoids and vertebral fractures by analyzing the target data, concluding a result of negative association and providing valuable information on vertebral fracture.

Objective: This study is to explore the association between dietary intake of carotenoids and vertebral fractures.

Methods: Data of individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were used in this cross-sectional study.

SARM1 deletion inhibits astrogliosis and BBB damage through Jagged-1/Notch-1/NF-κB signaling to improve neurological function after ischemic stroke.

Reactive astrogliosis is a critical process in the development of ischemic stroke. However, the precise mechanism by which reactive astrogliosis changes the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains elusive. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) plays a key role in axonal degeneration and is involved in different cell death programs that regulate neuronal survival.

Neurodegenerative diseases: Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of diseases in which the progressive loss of subtype-specific neurons leads to dysfunction. NDDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of NDDs involves various mechanisms, including genetic factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the immune response.

PGRN knockdown alleviates pulmonary fibrosis regulating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious, chronic, and progressive disease with increased collagen deposition and the collapse of lung structures. Currently, the antifibrotic drugs for PF treatment, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been proven to reduce the decline of pulmonary function in PF, but both have side effects, and to date, there is no significantly effective treatment to halt the progression of PF. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of pregranuloprotein (PGRN) in pulmonary fibrosis through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Association of a 7.9 kb Endogenous Retrovirus Insertion in Intron 1 of CD36 with Obesity and Fat Measurements in Sheep.

Background: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) enhance genetic diversity in vertebrates, including sheep. This study investigates the role of Ov-ERV-R13-CD36 within CD36 gene and its association with phenotypic traits in sheep. Analyzing 58 sheep genomes revealed that ERVs constitute approximately 6.

Red blood cell distribution width is a short-term mortality predictor in middle-aged and older adults with hip fracture.

Objective: To study the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and short-term mortality of hip fracture in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of electronic medical records at a single hospital over a 2-year period between 2020 and 2021. We received the records of 233 patients aged > 50 years who suffered from hip fracture.

Increased individual variability in functional connectivity of the default mode network and its genetic correlates in major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder characterized with considerable individual variability in clinical manifestations which may correspond to brain alterations including the default mode network (DMN). This study analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 796 MDD patients and 823 healthy controls (HC) to investigate individual variability in functional connectivity (IVFC) between the DMN and 108 non-DMN regions. We aimed to identify MDD-related IVFC abnormalities and their clinical relevance, alongside exploring gene expression correlations.

Deep learning prioritizes cancer mutations that alter protein nucleocytoplasmic shuttling to drive tumorigenesis.

Genetic variants can affect protein function by driving aberrant subcellular localization. However, comprehensive analysis of how mutations promote tumor progression by influencing nuclear localization is currently lacking. Here, we systematically characterize potential shuttling-attacking mutations (SAMs) across cancers through developing the deep learning model pSAM for the ab initio decoding of the sequence determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.

A 300-km fully-connected quantum secure direct communication network.

Transmission distance and number of users limit the realization of large-scale scalable quantum communication networks, as existing quantum network construction techniques struggle to address these two important factors simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a long-distance large-scale and scalable fully-connected quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network, which employs a double-pumped structure and the introduction of extra noise to successfully realize QSDC over 300 km between four users in the network in pairs. The results demonstrate that the fidelity of the entangled state shared between users following communication remains above 85%.

Clam peptides: Preparation, flavor properties, health benefits, and safety risks.

Bioactive peptides derived from food proteins have attracted attention for their potential roles in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Clams, renowned for their protein content and essential amino acids critical to human health, represent a promising source for bioactive peptide production. Recent studies have extensively explored the preparation methods, flavor profiles, and health benefits of clam peptides (CPs).

Effects of atmospheric cold plasma treatment mode on muscle quality and bacterial community of red shrimp during cold storage.

Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP), known for its safety, non-thermal processing, and energy efficiency, is especially effective for preserving perishable items such as seafood. However, excessive use of ACP may cause oxidation and sensory quality deterioration, which limits its application in the seafood industry. Thus, optimizing ACP treatment modes to balance sterilization efficiency with minimal oxidative effects is essential.

Advantages and challenges of ex vivo generation and expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an essential and increasing therapeutic approach for treating conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and other blood cancers. However, its widespread use faces significant challenges, including limited donor availability, pathogen, and the risk of immune rejection. The emergence of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offers a potential solution to these challenges.

Climate warming increases the invasiveness of the exotic Spartina alterniflora in a coastal salt marsh: Implications for invasion management.

Spartina alterniflora is a major invasive C grass in coastal wetlands worldwide. It spreads rapidly through both clonal growth and sexual reproduction, causing significant negative impacts on the ecological functions of coastal wetland ecosystems. A key question is whether climate warming will affect its invasiveness and how adaptive management strategies can be developed to address the anticipated climate warming.

Weakly Dispersive Band in Synthetic Moiré Superlattice Inducing Optimal Compact Comb Generation.

The moiré superlattices attract growing interest for holding exotic physics due to their fascinating properties from electronics to photonics. Much attention has been focused on the localization effect for waves in the flat band regime or the delocalization effect from the strongly dispersive band feature. Here, we study the weakly dispersive band in between the two above scenarios in a one-dimensional synthetic frequency moiré superlattice and observe the wave packet distributions therein toward novel frequency comb generation.

First Determination of the Spin-Parity of Ξ_{c}(3055)^{+,0} Baryons.

The Ξ_{b}^{0(-)}→Ξ_{c}(3055)^{+(0)}(→D^{+(0)}Λ)π^{-} decay chains are observed, and the spin-parity of Ξ_{c}(3055)^{+(0)} baryons is determined for the first time. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, recorded by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018.

Application of preoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green lymphography in lymphaticovenular anastomosis of the lower limb-A retrospective study research.

BackgroundWe evaluated the application of preoperative ultrasound (US) combined with indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) of the lower limb.Methods66 patients with lower limb lymphedema were selected as study subjects and divided into research ( = 35) and control groups ( = 31). The patients were treated with LVA using ICG lymphography combined with US and simple ICG lymphography as the positioning method.

Dual-Site Passivation Coupling Internal Encapsulation via 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant progress in efficiency, but their long-term operational stability remains an important yet challenging issue. Here, a dual-site passivation coupling internal encapsulation strategy is developed by introducing 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzenethiol (35BBT) at the perovskite (PVK)/hole transport layer (HTL) interface. 35BBT provides dual active sites containing sulfur (S) atoms and fluorine (F) atoms, where the S atoms in the sulfhydryl group and the F atoms in the trifluoromethyl group coordinate with unpaired Pb to form coordinate bonds, meanwhile the F atoms in the trifluoromethyl group form hydrogen bonds with organic cations.

Regulating Plasmonic Properties through Asymmetric Oxidative Etching of Octahedral Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanocrystals with Iridium Chloride.

We present the engineering of plasmonic nanostructures and their optical properties through the asymmetric oxidative etching of octahedral Au@Ag core-shell nanocrystals. This process utilizes iridium chloride to produce Au@Ag-AgCl-IrO products under hydrothermal conditions. This method deviates from conventional techniques that involve the oxidative etching of Ag nanocubes with Au precursors, which typically results in an isotropic and gradual etching process.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces smoking cravings by decreasing cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that has been increasingly used to treat psychiatric disorders, including tobacco use disorder. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of rTMS remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of rTMS in smoking cessation and to explore the underlying neural mechanism of the treatment effect.

Nanovaccines empowering CD8 T cells: a precision strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy leveraging nanovaccines represents a cutting-edge frontier in precision medicine, specifically designed to potentiate CD8 T cell-based immunotherapy. This review thoroughly delineates the evolving landscape of cancer nanovaccine development, emphasizing their advantageous role in modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance CD8 T cell efficacy. We critically analyze current innovations in nanovaccine design, focusing on their capacity to deliver tumor antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants effectively.

Elevated SLC3A2 Expression Promotes the Progression of Gliomas and Enhances Ferroptosis Resistance through the AKT/NRF2/GPX4 Axis.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of SLC3A2 on the malignant phenotype of gliomas and its role in regulating ferroptosis sensitivity.

Materials And Methods: The malignant phenotype of glioma was assessed by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, EdU assay, wound healing and transwell experiments.We further validated the impact of reduced SLC3A2 expression on the sensitivity to ferroptosis in glioma cells through CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy.

Norms of Hong Kong Brief Cognitive Test and the Utility for Screening Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults.

Objective: To establish the norms of the Hong Kong Brief Cognitive Test (HKBC) among Chinese older adults and to examine its utility for differentiating neurocognitive disorders from cognitively normal controls.

Methods: Two thousand three hundred twelve participants aged 40 years and above were recruited from six regions of China as the norm construction sample. 93 normal participants and 246 cognitive impairment patients were included for diagnostic test of HKBC.

Target inhibition of SPAK in choroid plexus attenuates T cell infiltration and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that prevent immune cell infiltration into the brain have demonstrated efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. However, their unpredictable adverse effects necessitate the development of safer therapeutic alternatives. The choroid plexus (ChP) functions as a crucial barrier against immune cell invasion, and previous studies have shown that preventing immune cell infiltration across the ChP reduces brain lesion in MS animal models.

A B7H3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate in advanced solid tumors: a phase 1/1b trial.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a transformative modality in the treatment of solid tumors. YL201, a novel B7H3-targeting ADC, leverages a tumor microenvironment activable linker-payload platform, coupled with a novel topoisomerase 1 inhibitor via a protease-cleavable linker. Here we report the findings from a large-scale, global, multicenter, phase 1 trial evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of YL201 in patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapies.

Targeting KPNB1 suppresses AML cells by inhibiting HMGB2 nuclear import.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the most prevalent malignancy within the hematologic system, characterized by refractory relapses and a scarcity of effective treatment options. Karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) is a member of karyopherin β family, mediating the nuclear import of its cargoes. In this study, we found that elevated expression levels of KPNB1 are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with AML.