Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer.

The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly.

Hydrogen peroxide sulfenylates and inhibits the photorespiratory enzyme PGLP1 to modulate plant thermotolerance.

Climate change is resulting in more frequent and rapidly changing temperatures at both extremes that severely affect the growth and production of plants, particularly crops. Oxidative stress caused by high temperatures is one of the most damaging factors for plants. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide (HO) in modulating plant thermotolerance is largely unknown, and the regulation of photorespiration essential for C3 species remains to be fully clarified.

Proteome-wide identification of methylglyoxalated proteins in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive cellular metabolite, is crucial for plant growth and environmental responses. MG may function by modifying its target proteins, but little is known about MG-modified proteins in plants. Here, MG-modified proteins were pulled down by an antibody against methylglyoxalated proteins and detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.

Pathogen-induced methylglyoxal negatively regulates rice bacterial blight resistance by inhibiting OsCDR1 protease activity.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight (BB), a globally devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that is responsible for significant crop loss. Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection, providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear.

Salt stress-induced chloroplastic hydrogen peroxide stimulates pdTPI sulfenylation and methylglyoxal accumulation.

High salinity, an adverse environmental factor affecting about 20% of irrigated arable land worldwide, inhibits plant growth and development by causing oxidative stress, damaging cellular components, and disturbing global metabolism. However, whether and how reactive oxygen species disturb the metabolism of salt-stressed plants remain elusive. Here, we report that salt-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibits the activity of plastid triose phosphate isomerase (pdTPI) to promote methylglyoxal (MG) accumulation and stimulates the sulfenylation of pdTPI at cysteine 74.

Intestinal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as a pancreatic head space-occupying lesion: A case report.

Background: Intestinal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and its occurrence is closely related to Epstein-Barr virus infection. In addition, the clinical symptoms of NKTCL are not obvious, and the specific pathogenesis is still uncertain. While NKTCL may occur in any segment of the intestinal tract, its distinct location in the periampullary region, which leads clinicians to consider mimics of a pancreatic head mass, should also be addressed.

ELO2 Participates in the Regulation of Osmotic Stress Response by Modulating Nitric Oxide Accumulation in Arabidopsis.

The ELO family is involved in synthesizing very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and VLCFAs play a crucial role in plant development, protein transport, and disease resistance, but the physiological function of the plant ELO family is largely unknown. Further, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity acts in various plant environmental responses by modulating nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, how the NOS-like activity is regulated in such different stress responses remains misty. Here, we report that the yeast mutant Δ is defective in HO-triggered cell apoptosis with decreased NOS-like activity and NO accumulation, while its Arabidopsis homologous gene could complement such defects in Δ.

The metabolite methylglyoxal-mediated gene expression is associated with histone methylglyoxalation.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a byproduct of glycolysis that functions in diverse mammalian developmental processes and diseases and in plant responses to various stresses, including salt stress. However, it is unknown whether MG-regulated gene expression is associated with an epigenetic modification. Here we report that MG methylglyoxalates H3 including H3K4 and increases chromatin accessibility, consistent with the result that H3 methylglyoxalation positively correlates with gene expression.

Three-dimensional laparoscopy-assisted bowel resection for cavernous hemangioma of the rectum: Report of two cases.

The safety and feasibility of 3-D laparoscopy-assisted bowel resection were demonstrated in the management of rectal cancer. However, this procedure's role in the management of patients with diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum has not been evaluated. Here, two patients were diagnosed with diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum by colonoscopy and abdominal imaging.

Mesenteric injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells relieves experimentally-induced colitis in rats by regulating Th17/Treg cell balance.

Efficient delivery routes are critical for the effectiveness of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conventional ADMSC delivery routes include local, intravenous and intraperitoneal injection. Whether mesenteric injection has potential in IBD treatment remains unknown.

Nitric oxide is involved in stomatal development by modulating the expression of stomatal regulator genes in Arabidopsis.

As sessile organisms, plants require many flexible strategies to adapt to the environment. Although some environmental signaling pathways regulating stomatal development have been identified, how stomatal regulators are modulated by internal and external signals to determine the final stomatal abundance requires further exploration. In our studies, we found that nitric oxide (NO) promotes stomatal development with increased stomatal index as well as the relative number of meristemoids and guard mother cells [%(M+GMC)] in NO-treated wild-type Arabidopsis plants; this role of NO was further verified in the nox1 mutant, which exhibits higher NO levels, and the noa1 mutant, which exhibits low NO accumulation.

Salt stress reduces root meristem size by nitric oxide-mediated modulation of auxin accumulation and signaling in Arabidopsis.

The development of the plant root system is highly plastic, which allows the plant to adapt to various environmental stresses. Salt stress inhibits root elongation by reducing the size of the root meristem. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear.

In vivo role of nitric oxide in plant response to abiotic and biotic stress.

Over the past few years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator in many physiological events, especially in response to abiotic and biotic stress. However, the roles of NO were mostly derived from pharmacological studies or the mutants impaired NO synthesis unspecifically. In our recent study, we highlighted a novel strategy by expressing the rat neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in Arabidopsis to explore the in vivo role of NO.

Enantioselective phytotoxicity of the herbicide imazethapyr on the response of the antioxidant system and starch metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: The enantiomers of a chiral compound possess different biological activities, and one of the enantiomers usually shows a higher level of toxicity. Therefore, the exploration of the causative mechanism of enantioselective toxicity is regarded as one of primary goals of biological chemistry. Imazethapyr (IM) is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting chiral herbicide that has been widely used in recent years with racemate.

[The interactions between the circadian clock and aging].

It is well known that almost all organisms ranging from single cell creatures to human beings exhibit circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior under the control of the internal circadian clock. The internal circadian clock is composed of a master clock which is localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the peripheral clocks located in peripheral tissues such as the liver and heart. Along with aging, the circadian rhythm alters in many aspects, including the amplitude, free-running period and the expression phase.