Detection of toxoplasma tachyzoites in the cerebrospinal fluid of a COVID-19 positive SLE patient: a case study.

The recurrence of latent toxoplasmosis is a frequent cause of toxoplasmic encephalopathy in individuals with immunosuppressive conditions or medication. If left untreated or diagnosed is delayed, it often resulting in fatality. The pathogen of Toxoplasma gondii has been identified in cerebrospinal fluid cytology and a limited number of documented cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis, typically observed in those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Case Report: First report of pneumonia and organizing pneumonia in a patient with myelodysplastic and Sweet syndromes.

The immunocompromised population is susceptible to pneumonia. The diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals are challenging clinical endeavors. Previous studies have identified pneumonia as a potential cause of organizing pneumonia (OP), however, the association between pneumonia and OP has not received enough clinical attention.

An early prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus created using machine learning algorithms.

Objective: To investigate high-risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy through an analysis of demographic and clinical data, and to develops a machine-learning-based prediction model to enhance early diagnosis and intervention.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed involving 942 pregnant women. A stacking ensemble (machine learning [ML]) was applied to demographic and clinical variables, creating a predictive model for GDM.

Training-free image style alignment for domain shift on handheld ultrasound devices.

Handheld ultrasound devices face usage limitations due to user inexperience and cannot benefit from supervised deep learning without extensive expert annotations. Moreover, the models trained on standard ultrasound device data are constrained by training data distribution and perform poorly when directly applied to handheld device data. In this study, we propose the Training-free Image Style Alignment (TISA) to align the style of handheld device data to those of standard devices.

Inadequate Reporting of Harm From Randomized Clinical Trials in Top Medical Publications.

Objective: To assess the quality of harm reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in high-impact general medical journals.

Study Design And Setting: Publications of RCTs involving drugs compared with placebo controls, that were published in five general medical journals with high Impact Factors were identified from January 2022 to December 2023. Data relating to the presentation and discussion of harm were extracted and analyzed based on the Consort Harm framework.

MOF-KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Digital Discovery of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Digital discovery of functional materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), entails accurate and data-efficient approaches to navigate complex chemical and structural space. Based on an innovative deep learning approach, namely, Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), we introduce MOF-KAN, a state-of-the-art architecture as the first application of KANs to digital discovery of MOFs. Through meticulous fine-tuning of network architecture, we demonstrate that MOF-KAN outperforms standard multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) in predicting diverse properties for MOFs, including gas separation, electronic band gap, and thermal expansion.

Harnessing prazosin for tumors: Liposome hybrid nanovesicles activate tumor immunotherapy via autophagy inhibition.

Prazosin (Prz), an antagonist of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, is conventionally employed in the treatment of hypertension. Our study pioneers the exploration of Prz in oncology, examining its impact on cellular autophagy and its potential to trigger antitumor immune responses. We have developed a novel Prz-loaded liposome hybrid nanovesicle (Prz@LINV) system, integrating tumor-derived nanovesicles (TNV) with liposomes (LIP) to facilitate targeted Prz delivery to tumor sites.

Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on proteinuria and weight in a diabetes cohort.

Background: With accumulating evidence showing a benefit in the renal and cardiovascular systems, diabetes guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) be treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and/or glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for renal protection. The real-world efficacy of the two medications on the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains to be explored.

Aim: To evaluate the SGLT2i and GLP-1RA application rates and UACR alterations after intervention in a real-world cohort of patients with diabetes.

Prelimbic cortex is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in both resistant and sensitive mice.

A primary behavioral pathology in drug addiction is the overpowering motivational strength and decreased ability to control the desire to obtain drugs, which shows some variation between different individuals. Here, using a morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model with footshock, we found that mice exhibited significant individual differences in morphine-induced addiction. Despite the consequences of footshock, a small percentage of mice (24%) still showed stable morphine preference, demonstrating resistant to punishment.

High-quality genome of black wolfberry ( Murr.) provides insights into the genetics of anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation.

Black wolfberry ( Murr.) is an important plant for ecological preservation. In addition, its fruits are rich in anthocyanins and have important edible and medicinal value.

[International risk signal prioritization principles: comparison and implications for scientific regulation of traditional Chinese medicine].

Signal detection is a critical task in drug safety regulation. However, it inevitably generates irrelevant or false signals, posing challenges for resource allocation by marketing authorization holders. To reasonably assess these signals, different countries have established various principles for prioritizing the evaluation of risk signals.

Cardio-metabolic-related plasma proteins reveal biological links between cardiovascular diseases and fragility fractures: a cohort and Mendelian randomisation investigation.

Background: How cardiovascular diseases (CVD) predispose to a higher risk of fragility fractures is not well understood. Both contribute to significant components of disease burden and health expenditure. Poor bone quality, central obesity, sarcopenia, falls, and low grip strength are independent risk factors for hip and other fragility fractures and also for CVD and early death.

The global burden of chronic respiratory diseases attributable to tobacco from 1990 to 2021: a global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Tobacco is a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), yet the global distribution and trends of tobacco-related CRD burdens remain inadequately explored.

Methods: This study extracted data on mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) related to tobacco-attributable CRDs from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Joinpoint regression was used to identify temporal trends in age-standardized rates (ASR), while autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting was applied to project future trends in ASMR and ASDR for tobacco-related CRDs.

Effectiveness and Safety of Dupilumab for Prurigo Nodularis in China: A Multicentric and Observational Study.

Background: The efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with refractory prurigo nodularis (PN) is well established in clinical trials, but there is a lack of multicenter data regarding its effectiveness and safety in real-world settings.

Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe PN who initiated dupilumab treatment between July 2023 and January 2024, with a follow-up period of at least 16 weeks at 10 hospitals in China were included. We used peak pruritus numeric rating scale (PP-NRS), investigator global assessment (IGA) for PN, and dermatology life quality index for adults or children (DLQI/CDLQI) to assess disease control status and quality of life impairment, and monitored adverse events to assess the safety.

Manganese Intercalation Enabling High-Performance Aqueous Fe-VO Batteries.

The aqueous iron ion batteries (AIIBs) are an attractive option for large-scale energy storage applications. However, the inadequate plating and stripping of Fe ions underscore the need to explore more suitable cathode materials. Herein, we optimize the structure of tunnel-like VO nanosheets by introducing Mn ion intercalation as a cathode material to enhance their performance in AIIBs.

Chimeric antigen receptor with novel intracellular modules improves antitumor performance of T cells.

The excessive cytokine release and limited persistence represent major challenges for chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in diverse tumors. Conventional CARs employ an intracellular domain (ICD) from the ζ subunit of CD3 as a signaling module, and it is largely unknown how alternative CD3 chains potentially contribute to CAR design. Here, we obtained a series of CAR-T cells against HER2 and mesothelin using a domain comprising a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif from different CD3 subunits as the ICD of CARs.

Multiexposure Grayscale Patterns with Low-Energy Electrons.

High-energy electron beam exposure is generally recognized as the standard for achieving high-precision nanofabrication. Low-energy electron beam exposure techniques offer advantages in 3D manufacturing; however, they have received limited attention in traditional processes due to precision limitations and insufficient exposure, leading to an underestimation of their potential. In this article, we introduce a nanofabrication strategy using low-energy electrons in ice-assisted electron-beam lithography (iEBL) alleviating the compatibility issue between resolution and quasi-3D manufacturing.

Transcriptome-wide dynamics of mA methylation in ISKNV and Siniperca chuatsi cells infected with ISKNV.

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a highly virulent and rapidly transmissible fish virus that poses threats to the aquaculture of a wide variety of freshwater and marine fish. N6-methyladenosine (mA), recognized as a common epigenetic modification of RNA, plays an important regulatory role during viral infection. However, the impact of mA RNA methylation on the pathogenicity of ISKNV remains unexplored.

Spinal tissue identification using a Forward-oriented endoscopic ultrasound technique.

The limited imaging depth of optical endoscope restrains the identification of tissues under surface during the minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS), thus increasing the risk of critical tissue damage. This study is proposed to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of automatic spinal soft tissue identification using a forward-oriented ultrasound endoscopic system. Total 758 ex-vivo soft tissue samples were collected from ovine spines to create a dataset with four categories including spinal cord, nucleus pulposus, adipose tissue, and nerve root.

Leveraging Cross-Diversity Machine Learning to Unveil Metal-Organic Frameworks with Open Copper Sites for Biogas Upgrading.

Biogas, primarily composed of methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO), is considered an alternative renewable energy resource. Efficient CO/CH separation is essential for biogas upgrading to increase energy density, and in this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated significant potential. Here, we integrate multiscale modeling with cross-diversity machine learning (ML) to unveil MOFs with open copper sites (OCS-MOFs) that exhibit exceptional CO/CH separation performance.

Bexarotene ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation and M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages induced by cigarette smoke via PPARγ/HO-1.

Background: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) modulate pulmonary inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributing to its progression. The PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer influences AM polarization induced by cigarette smoke (CS). Although PPARγ agonists suppress CS-induced M1 macrophage polarization, the impact of RXRα agonists on this process has not been determined.

A Fusion Localization System for Security Robots Based on Millimeter Wave Radar and Inertial Sensors.

In smoggy and dusty environments, vision- and laser-based localization methods are not able to be used effectively for controlling the movement of a robot. Autonomous operation of a security robot can be achieved in such environments by using millimeter wave (MMW) radar for the localization system. In this study, an approximate center method under a sparse point cloud is proposed, and a security robot localization system based on millimeter wave radar is constructed.

Association between the triglycerides and glucose index and critically ill stroke in non-obese population: An observational study on eICU database.

Background: Both the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and stroke are associated with insulin resistance (IR). Studies have shown that TyG is associated with stroke. However, the relationship between TyG index and stroke in non-obese population remains unclear.

Dual-CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted RT-RAA visualization system for rapid on-site detection of nervous necrosis virus (NNV).

Background: Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) poses a severe threat to the aquaculture industry, particularly infecting fish fry with devastating mortality rates and inflicting heavy economic losses. Traditional detection methods, such as cell culture and conventional RT-PCR, are not only time-consuming and require specialized laboratory facilities but also hard to eliminate contamination. Rapid and accurate on-site detection methods in aquaculture settings are crucial for effective control of NNV outbreaks in fish farms.