KIF4A drives gliomas growth by transcriptional repression of Rac1/Cdc42 to induce cytoskeletal remodeling in glioma cells.

Glioma is one of the most prevalent cancers diseases in the worldwide. Kinesin superfamily protein 4 (KIF4), a KIF member classified in Kinesin 4 has been indicated as a mediator acted in tumorigenesis of human cancer. However, the mechanism of KIF4A on glioma is yet to be investigated.

Axonal mRNA localization and local translation in neurodegenerative disease.

The regulation of mRNA localization and local translation play vital roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function. Many human neurodegenerative diseases, such as fragile X syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal muscular atrophy, have been characterized by pathological changes in neuronal axons, including abnormal mRNA translation, the loss of protein expression, or abnormal axon transport. Moreover, the same protein and mRNA molecules have been associated with variable functions in different diseases due to differences in their interaction networks.

Serum soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis is a potential biomarker for outcome prediction of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) might contribute to brain inflammation after acute brain injury. The current study was designed to investigate whether serum soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) can serve as a potential biomarker for functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods: In this single-center prospective, observational study, admission serum sTWEAK concentrations were quantified among 112 aSAH patients.

microRNA-200a downregulation in human glioma leads to Gαi1 over-expression, Akt activation, and cell proliferation.

We previously identified a pivotal role for G protein α inhibitory subunit 1 (Gαi1) in mediating PI3K-Akt signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Here, we examined the expression and biological function of Gαi1 in human glioma. Gαi1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated in human glioma tissues, which correlated with downregulation of an anti-Gαi1 miRNA: microRNA-200a ("miR-200a").

Neuroprotection provided by isoflurane pre-conditioning and post-conditioning.

Isoflurane, a volatile and inhalational anesthetic, has been extensively used in perioperative period for several decades. A large amount of experimental studies have indicated that isoflurane exhibits neuroprotective properties when it is administrated before or after (pre-conditioning and post-conditioning) neurodegenerative diseases (., hypoxic ischemia, stroke and trauma).

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in experimental and clinical stroke.

Stroke, which is defined as a neurologic deficit caused by sudden impaired blood supply, has been considered as a common cause of death and disability for decades. The World Health Organization has declared that almost every 5 seconds a new stroke occurs, placing immense socioeconomic burdens. However, the effective and available treatment strategies are still limited.

Egr-1 participates in abnormally high gdnf gene transcription mediated by histone hyperacetylation in glioma cells.

Abnormally high transcription of the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) gene in glioma cells is related to the hyperacetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) in its promoter region II, but the mechanism remains unclear. There are three consecutive putative binding sites for the transcription factor early growth response protein 1(Egr-1) in promoter region II of the gdnf gene, and Egr-1 participates in gdnf gene transcription activation. Here we show that the acetylation level of H3K9 at Egr-1 binding sites in gdnf gene promoter region II in rat C6 astroglioma cells was significantly higher than that in normal astrocytes, and the binding capacity was also significantly higher.

Hyperacetylation of histone H3K9 involved in the promotion of abnormally high transcription of the gdnf gene in glioma cells.

The mechanism underlying abnormally high transcription of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene in glioma cells is not clear. In this study, to assess histone H3K9 acetylation levels in promoters I and II of the gdnf gene in normal human brain tissue, low- and high-grade glioma tissues, normal rat astrocytes, and rat C6 glioblastoma cells, we employed chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR), real-time PCR, and a pGL3 dual fluorescence reporter system. We also investigated the influence of treatment with curcumin, a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, and trichostatin A (TSA), a deacetylase inhibitor, on promoter acetylation and activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of the gdnf gene in C6 cells.

The short chain cell-permeable ceramide (C6) restores cell apoptosis and perifosine sensitivity in cultured glioblastoma cells.

Primary glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant form of astrocytic tumor with an average survival of approximately 12-14 months. The combination of novel Akt inhibitors with anti-cancer therapeutics has achieved improved anti-tumor efficiency. In the current study, we examined the synergistic anti-cancer ability of Akt inhibitor perifosine in combination with short-chain ceramide (C6) against glioblastoma cells (U87MG and U251MG), and studied the underlying mechanisms.

Intraoperative microvascular Doppler monitoring in intracranial aneurysm surgery.

Background: Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms is often compromised by incomplete exclusion of the aneurysm or stenosis of parent vessels. Intraoperative microvascular Doppler (IMD) is an attractive, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool. The present study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of IMD for guiding clip placement in aneurysm surgery.

Changes in transcriptional factor binding capacity resulting from promoter region methylation induce aberrantly high GDNF expression in human glioma.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which belongs to transforming growth factor β superfamily, plays important roles in glioma pathogenesis. Gdnf mRNA is aberrantly increased in glioma cells, but the underlying transcription mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that although the base sequence in the promoter region of the gdnf gene was unchanged in glioma cells, there were significant changes in the methylation level of promoter region I (P < 0.

BRG1 expression is increased in human glioma and controls glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro.

Purpose: The purposes of our study were to elucidate the role of BRG1 in the development of human glioma and to determine the effect of BRG1 on glioma cell growth, migration and invasion.

Methods: Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated BRG1 staining in 190 glioma tissues, 8 normal brain tissues and 8 tumor adjacent normal brain tissues. We studied glioma cell proliferative ability with reduced BRG1 expression by siRNA using CCK-8 cell proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis.

RUNX3 expression is lost in glioma and its restoration causes drastic suppression of tumor invasion and migration.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the expression of RUNX3 is related to the development of glioma, and the role of RUNX3 in glioma cells growth, invasion and migration.

Methods: We analyzed the protein expression of RUNX3 by immunohistochemistry in 188 glioma tissues, 8 normal brain tissues and 8 tumor adjacent normal brain tissues using tissue microarray technique. We studied whether RUNX3 restoration can suppress glioma cells growth, invasion and migration by performing MTT cell proliferation assay, matrigel cell invasion assay, wound-healing assay and migration assay.

Dopamine content in the striatum and expression changes of Bad and Bcl-2 in elderly rats with abnormal behavior.

To determine the dopamine (DA) content in the striatum and the expression changes of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bad and Bcl-2 in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in elderly rats with abnormal behavior. Fifty three Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: adult, age-motorplus (normal behavior) and aged-motorminus (abnormal behavior) using the hanger test. The DA content in the striatum and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Bad and Bcl-2 in the SNc were measured by HPLC/MS (high performance liquid chromatogram-mass spectra) and Western Blot.

Expressions and possible roles of GDNF receptors in the developing dopaminergic neurons.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has an essential role in the survival and maturation of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of mammalian embryonic brain. In addition to Ret, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were also proposed to function as transmembrane signaling receptors of GDNF. The present study was to investigate whether these transmembrane receptors of GDNF were correlated with the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression of SN DA neurons during early developmental stage.

Effect of intranigral injection of GDNF and EGF on the survival and possible differentiation fate of progenitors and immature neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.

We investigated the survival and the possible differentiation fate of the progenitors and immature neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc) by intranigral injection of a glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) or glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor plus epidermal growth factor (EGF + GDNF) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. First, we performed behavioral tests by postural asymmetry and forelimb akinesia on the rats injected with 6-OHDA in striatumat day 7, and selected the qualified model according to the results. Then, intranigral GDNF or EGF + GDNF treatment was administered in the qualified PD model rats.