The Involvement of RIPK1 in Alopecia Areata.

We have previously demonstrated that receptor-interacting serine threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) is expressed in hair follicles and regulates the hair cycle. In a mouse model, RIPK1 inhibitors also accelerated the telogen-to-anagen transition and elongated the anagen period. Here, we first investigated the involvement of RIPK1 in alopecia areata (AA).

A cyanobacteria-derived intermolecular salt bridge stabilizes photosynthetic NDH-1 and prevents oxidative stress.

Throughout evolution, addition of numerous cyanobacteria-derived subunits to the photosynthetic NDH-1 complex stabilizes the complex and facilitates cyclic electron transfer around photosystem I (PSI CET), a critical antioxidant mechanism for efficient photosynthesis, but its stabilization mechanism remains elusive. Here, a cyanobacteria-derived intermolecular salt bridge is found to form between the two conserved subunits, NdhF1 and NdhD1. Its disruption destabilizes photosynthetic NDH-1 and impairs PSI CET, resulting in the production of more reactive oxygen species under high light conditions.

Differential Expression of CXCL12 in Human and Mouse Hair: Androgens Induce CXCL12 in Human Dermal Papilla and Dermal Sheath Cup.

We previously demonstrated that C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) is primarily secreted by dermal fibroblasts in response to androgens and induces hair miniaturization in the mouse androgenic alopecia (AGA) model. However, the direct effects of androgen-induced CXCL12 on dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cup cells (DSCs) have not been demonstrated. First, we compared single-cell RNA sequencing data between mouse and human skin, and the results show that CXCL12 is highly co-expressed with the androgen receptor (AR) in the DPCs and DSCs of only human hair.

Strongly Coupled Interface in Electrostatic Self-Assembly Covalent Triazine Framework/BiSBr for High-Efficiency CO Photoreduction.

Constructing a strong bonded interface is highly desired to build fast charge-transfer channels and tune reactive sites for optimizing CO photoreduction. In this work, a covalent triazine framework (CTF) combined with a BiSBr heterojunction is designed using an electrostatic self-assembly process. Due to the oppositely charged states between two components and ultrasonic treatment, a strong coupled interface is realized with the formation of Bi-C/N/O bonds, leading to robust interfacial polarization.

Overcoming (X)-harboring tigecycline resistance: a study on the efficacy of tigecycline-apramycin combinations.

Introduction: The emergence of the wide variety of novel tigecycline resistance (X) variants, including (X3), (X4), (X5), and (X6), has raised a serious threat to global public health and posed a significant challenge to the clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the synergism of tigecycline combining with other antibiotics as a means of overcoming the (X)-mediated resistance in spp. Antibiotic synergistic efficacy was evaluated through chequerboard experiments, time-kill assays and dose-response curves.

Organoids in lung cancer brain metastasis: Foundational research, clinical translation, and prospective outlooks.

Brain metastasis stands as a leading contributor to mortality in lung cancer patients, yet the intricate mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains elusive. This underscores the need for robust preclinical models and effective treatment strategies. Emerging as viable in vitro models that closely replicate actual tumors, three-dimensional culture systems, particularly organoids derived from non-malignant cells or cancer organoids, have emerged as promising avenues.

Collateral Sensitivity to β-Lactam Antibiotics in Evolved Apramycin-Resistant MRSA.

Collateral sensitivity is an evolutionary trade-off for bacteria where acquiring resistance to one antibiotic results in an increased sensitivity to another antibiotic. This study was designed to evaluate the collateral sensitivity of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) to β-lactam antibiotics induced by the evolution of resistance to apramycin. Collateral sensitivity to ampicillin, cephazolin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime and cefquinome occurred after MRSA were exposed to apramycin and induced to acquire resistance.

Humanized CXCL12 antibody delays onset and modulates immune response in alopecia areata mice: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing.

It has been demonstrated that CXCL12 inhibits hair growth via CXCR4, and its neutralizing antibody (Ab) increases hair growth in alopecia areata (AA). However, the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we further prepared humanized CXCL12 Ab for AA treatment and investigated underlying molecular mechanisms using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Erythropoietin-induced hepatocyte receptor A2 regulates effect of pyroptosis on gastrointestinal colorectal cancer occurrence and metastasis resistance.

Erythropoietin-induced hepatocyte receptor A2 (EphA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in the development and progression of a variety of tumors. This article reviews the expression of EphA2 in gastrointestinal (GI) colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulation of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in tumor suppression.

Functions of Coenzyme A and Acyl-CoA in Post-Translational Modification and Human Disease.

Coenzyme A (CoA) is synthesized from pantothenate, L-cysteine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and plays a vital role in diverse physiological processes. Protein acylation is a common post-translational modification (PTM) that modifies protein structure, function and interactions. It occurs via the transfer of acyl groups from acyl-CoAs to various amino acids by acyltransferase.

Cyclosporine A improves the binding of mouse embryos to fibronectin.

Aim: The binding of integrin αvβ3 with endometrial fibronectin (FN) promotes the migration of preimplantation embryos in mice. We have previously shown that cyclosporine A (CsA) improves the adhesion and invasion of mouse preimplantation embryos. In this study, we evaluated the roles of calcium ions and downstream signaling factors in the binding of integrin αvβ3 to FN.

Stillbirths Associated with Particle Pollution are Disproportionally Contributed by Sand Dust: Findings from 52 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Whether maternal exposure to dust-sourced particulate matter (hereafter, dust PM) is associated with stillbirth remains unknown. We adopted a sibling-matched case-control design to analyze 9332 stillbirths and 17,421 live births. We associated the risk of stillbirth simultaneously with dust and nondust components of PM and developed a nonlinear joint exposure-response function.

Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation.

HIV-1 transcript function is controlled in part by twinned transcriptional start site usage, where 5' capped RNAs beginning with a single guanosine (1G) are preferentially packaged into progeny virions as genomic RNA (gRNA) whereas those beginning with three sequential guanosines (3G) are retained in cells as mRNAs. In 3G transcripts, one of the additional guanosines base pairs with a cytosine located within a conserved 5' polyA element, resulting in formation of an extended 5' polyA structure as opposed to the hairpin structure formed in 1G RNAs. To understand how this remodeling influences overall transcript function, we applied in vitro biophysical studies with in-cell genome packaging and competitive translation assays to native and 5' polyA mutant transcripts generated with promoters that differentially produce 1G or 3G RNAs.

Computed tomography-based radiomics and clinical-genetic features for brain metastasis prediction in patients with stage III/IV epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics combined with clinical-genetic features in predicting brain metastasis in patients with stage III/IV epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The study included 147 eligible patients treated at our institution between January 2018 and May 2021. Patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for model training (n = 102) and validation (n = 45).

MiR-146a alleviates inflammatory bowel disease in mice through systematic regulation of multiple genetic networks.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease involving multiple genes, and the current available targeted drugs for IBD only deliver moderate efficacy. Whether there is a single gene that systematically regulates IBD is not yet known. plays a pivotal role in repression of innate immunity, but its function in the intestinal inflammation is sort of controversy, and the genetic regulatory networks regulated by miR-146a in IBD has not been revealed.

New insights into the influences of firework combustion on molecular composition and formation of sulfur- and halogen-containing organic compounds.

Firework (FW) events occur during various festivals worldwide and substantially negatively influence both air quality and human health. However, the effects of FWs on the chemical properties and formation of organic aerosols are far from clear. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM) samples were collected in a suburban area in Qingdao, China during the Chinese Spring Festival.

The Metabolism of Coenzyme A and Its Derivatives Plays a Crucial Role in Diseases.

Coenzyme A (CoA) functions as a crucial carrier of acyl groups within cells, playing a fundamental role in regulating acyl transfer reactions and participating in cellular metabolic processes. As the principal substrate and cofactor engaged in diverse metabolic reactions, CoA and its derivatives exert central influence over various physiological processes, primarily modulating lipid and ketone metabolism, as well as protein modification. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which CoA influences the onset and progression of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative disorders, and other illnesses.

Relationships of serum FGF23 and α-klotho with atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Compelling evidence suggests that calcium/phosphorus homeostasis-related parameters may be linked to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular events. However, few studies have investigated the association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), α-klotho and FGF23/α-klotho ratio with atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate whether FGF23, α-klotho and FGF23/α-klotho ratio are associated with T2DM and further to explore the relationships between these three factors and atherosclerosis in Chinese patients with T2DM.

Long-term exposure to major constituents of fine particulate matter and neurodegenerative diseases: A population-based survey in the Pearl River Delta Region, China.

Background: Exposure to PM has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, with limited understanding of constituent-specific contributions.

Objectives: To explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM constituents and neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods: We recruited 148,274 individuals aged ≥ 60 from four cities in the Pearl River Delta region, China (2020 to 2021).

Clinical characteristics and MRI based radiomics nomograms can predict iPFS and short-term efficacy of third-generation EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases.

Background: Predicting short-term efficacy and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS) in epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutated (EGFR-mutated) lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases who receive third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy was of great significance for individualized treatment. We aimed to construct and validate nomograms based on clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for predicting short-term efficacy and intracranial progression free survival (iPFS) of third-generation EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases.

Methods: One hundred ninety-four EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases who received third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment were included in this study from January 1, 2017 to March 1, 2023.

CXCL12 Neutralizing Antibody Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata.

We had previously investigated the expression and functional role of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) during the hair cycle progression. CXCL12 was highly expressed in stromal cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and inhibition of CXCL12 increased hair growth. Therefore, we further investigated whether a CXCL12 neutralizing antibody (αCXCL12) is effective for androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA) and studied the underlying molecular mechanism for treating these diseases.

The analysis of multiple omics and examination of pathological images revealed the prognostic and therapeutic significances of CD93 in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

As a potent pro-angiogenic factor, the role of CD93 in the prognosis and therapeutic outcomes of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) merits exploration. In this study, we systematically collected transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data from various public databases, as well as pathological images from hospital-operated patients. Employing statistical analysis software like R (Version 4.