In-depth characterization of minor 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone oligomers from Chinese agarwood by integrating offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography and hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Those minor, even trace natural products sometimes exhibit exciting activities and possess unique structures; however, it is challenging to pursue and identify such components using routine LC-MS/MS platforms attributing to their low distribution levels in herbs, the overlapping effects from the abundant ingredients and the high-level structural diversity. Here, an off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography hook up hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry program was exploited to facilitate the exposure of those minor components in chromatographic domain and to acquire high-resolution multi-stage mass spectra, and the less abundant 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (PEC) oligomers from Chinese agarwood that is one of the most precious herbal medicines were concerned to illustrate and assess the applicability towards capturing and structurally annotating those minor components. The mass fragmentation pathways of PEC dimers, in particular the linkage fission between monomers, were proposed by assaying eighteen authentic compounds that covered different conjugation manners, and subsequently applied for the tentative structural identification of observed components.

Ultra-Sensitive Gas Sensor Based on CDs@ZnO.

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a colorless and odorless organic compound, which is an important industrial raw material but harmful to the environment and human health. Thus, it is necessary to develop high-performance sensing materials to monitor EG gas. Herein, sea urchin-shaped ZnO was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method.

elevated concentrations of soil-bound heavy metals and magnetic particles in a typical urban plateau lake wetland, China.

Vegetation change significantly altered the hydrological processes and soil erosion within riparian ecosystems. It is unclear how change in managed vegetation types affect the geochemical behavior of heavy metals (HMs) and magnetic particles in karst riparian areas. Two soil depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were taken in alien species (), native species and in a typical urban plateau Lake wetland, Caohai lake, China.

Folate-targeted nanoparticles for glutamine metabolism inhibition enhance anti-tumor immunity and suppress tumor growth in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly malignant gynecological tumor, and its effective treatment is frequently impeded by drug resistance and recurrent tumor growth. The reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in ovarian cancer is closely associated with tumor progression and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy.

Health risks of potentially toxic elements in Cyprinus carpio in the karst plateau lake, China.

Background: Elevated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in aquatic products could threaten the health of ordinary consumers. Levels of chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in Cyprinus carpio in karst plateau freshwater Lake, Caohai Lake, China were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and evaluated using a risk method with Monte Carlo simulation.

Result: Levels of Cr, As, Pb, and Hg in muscle tissue were substantially lower than those in viscera.

Sesquiterpene-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) alleviates bile reflux gastritis through suppression of gastric mucosal cell apoptosis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) has been a traditional treatment for digestive disorders in South and East Asia. While sesquiterpenes are recognized as the key active constituents of Chinese agarwood, the efficacy and mechanism of the sesquiterpene-enriched extract of Chinese agarwood (PEE) on bile reflux gastritis (BRG) remain unclear.

Aim Of The Study: To explore the protective impact of PEE against BRG and unveil its underlying mechanism in suppressing apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells.

A tumor-conditional IL-15 safely synergizes with immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immune responses.

It is a challenge to invigorate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes without causing immune-related adverse events, which also stands as a primary factor contributing to resistance against cancer immunotherapies. Interleukin (IL)-15 can potently promote expansion and activation of T cells, but its clinical use has been limited by dose-limiting toxicities. In this study, we develop a tumor-conditional IL-15 (pro-IL-15), which masks IL-15 with steric hindrance caused by Fc fragment and IL-15Rα-sushi domain.

External evaluation of tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic models in adult lung transplant patients: How to enhance the predictive ability of the model?

Purpose: Tacrolimus is the cornerstone of current immunosuppressive strategies after lung transplantation. However, its narrow therapeutic range and considerable pharmacokinetic variability pose challenges for individualized treatment. Several tacrolimus population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models have been developed for precision dosing in adult lung transplant patients.

Enzymatic interlocking aptamer-micelles for enhanced cellular internalization and nucleus-targeted cancer phototherapy.

Multifunctional micelles that permit both diagnosis and treatment present enormous advantage and potential for precision medicine. However, the inherent complexities and structural instability of these systems often cause unsatisfactory targeting and therapeutic performances. Herein, by ingenious design of a 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)pyrrole (SNS) modifier to covalently link with AS1411 aptamer and lipid segment, a simple strategy is proposed for one-step enzymatic preparation of interlocked aptamer-micelle (IApM) under bio-friendly conditions.

Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Micafungin: Implications for Dosing Regimen Optimization in Critically Ill Patients.

Micafungin (MFG) is a widely used echinocandin antifungal agent for treating invasive candidiasis, particularly in critically ill patients. However, its pharmacokinetics can be highly variable in this population. This systematic review aims to summarize population pharmacokinetic models and provide recommendations for its use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Toward Model-Informed Precision Dosing for Remimazolam: A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis.

Remimazolam, widely used for procedural sedation and general anesthesia, is a new ultra short-acting benzodiazepine for intravenous sedation and anesthesia. We aim to characterize the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of remimazolam and its metabolite CNS 7054 in healthy Chinese volunteers using population analysis and suggest an optimal dosing regimen for sedation therapy. Data were collected from a single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, and dose-escalation clinical pharmacology study.

Handling delayed or missed direct oral anticoagulant doses: model-informed individual remedial dosing.

Nonadherence to direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) pharmacotherapy may increase the risk of thromboembolism or bleeding, and delayed or missed doses are the most common types of nonadherence. Current recommendations from regulatory agencies or guidelines regarding this issue lack evidence and fail to consider individual differences. This study aimed to develop individual remedial dosing strategies when the dose was delayed or missed for DOACs, including rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran etexilate.

Correlation analysis between Radix Pseudostelariae quality and rhizosphere soil factors of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in a cultivation region, China.

Background: Pseudostellaria heterophylla, known for its significant bioactive ingredients, offers potential health benefits. Amounts of bioactive compounds of the tuberous root of cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla are sensitive to environmental conditions. We selected 22 sampling sites in Guizhou Province, China, a primary Pseudostellaria heterophylla planting area.

A small step toward precision dosing of caffeine in preterm infants: An external evaluation of published population pharmacokinetic models.

Background: Several population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of caffeine in preterm infants have been published, but the extrapolation of these models to facilitate model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) in clinical practice is uncertain. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate their predictive performance using an external, independent dataset.

Methods: Data used for external evaluation were based on an independent cohort of preterm infants.

ZIF-8-Derived Multifunctional Triethylamine Sensor.

Triethylamine (TEA) is a typical volatile organic compound (VOC) widely present in air and water, produced in industrial production activities, with high toxicity and great harm. Fluorescence detection and resistive sensing are effective methods for detecting pollutants. Here, In-doped interpenetrating twin ZIF-8 and its annealed derivatives have been successfully designed and prepared as a multifunctional TEA sensor.

N/O-bridge stimulated robust binding energy and fast charge transfer between carbon nanofiber and NiCo LDH for advanced supercapacitors.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-carbon composites effectively mitigate the inherent issues of agglomeration and poor conductivity in LDH. However, the weak binding energy and insufficient charge transfer capability between LDH and carbon substrate significantly compromise the active substance loading, cyclic stability and practical capacity of the composites. Herein, N/O co-doping porous carbon nanofibers (NOPCNFs) are first prepared by blending diminutive zinc imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles with polyacrylonitrile for electrospinning, and then densely packed NiCo LDH nanosheets are homogeneously anchored on NOPCNFs to form NiCo LDH@NOPCNFs heterostructure via a hydrothermal method.

Development and application of a population pharmacokinetic model repository for caffeine dose tailoring in preterm infants.

Background: Considerable interindividual variability for the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in preterm infants has been demonstrated, emphasizing the importance of personalized dosing. This study aimed to develop and apply a repository of currently published population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of caffeine in preterm infants to facilitate model-informed precision dosing (MIPD).

Research Design And Methods: Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Construction of a DNA walker nanomachine aptasensor for simultaneous detection of dual-cancer biomarkers.

While it is recognized that early diagnosis of cancer-related biomarkers can become an effective avenue for timely treatment and successfully improve patient survival, it remains challenging to get accurate inspection results. Currently, most reported cancer biomarker sensing methods are focused on the quantitative detection of a single type of biomarker, which makes accurate medical diagnostics difficult. In this work, we constructed a DNA walker nanomachine aptasensor based on gold nanoparticles for the simultaneous sensing of dual cancer biomarkers.

[Effect and mechanism of EtOAc extract of Draconis Sanguis onimproving atherosclerosis in ApoE~(-/-) mice].

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of the EtO Ac extract of Draconis Sanguis(DSE) on improving athero sclerosis in ApoE gene knockout(ApoE~(-/-)) mice. The ApoE~(-/-) mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, mo delgroup, positive group treated with ezetimibe of 5 mg·kg~(-1)(EG), and low(100 mg·kg~(-1)) and high dose(200 mg·kg~(-1)) groups ofDSE. xcept for the control group, all other groups were fed a high-fat diet and administered drugs for 16 successive weeks.

Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of Tetracycline and Rhodamine B Using a Double Z-Scheme Heterojunction Catalyst of UiO-66-NH/BiOCl/BiS.

BiOCl is a promising photocatalyst, but due to its weak visible light absorption capacity and low photogenerated electron-hole pair separation rate, its practical application is limited to a certain extent. In this study, a novel double Z-scheme heterojunction UiO-66-NH/BiOCl/BiS catalyst was constructed to broaden the visible light response range and promote high photogenerated hole-electron separation of BiOCl. Its photocatalytic performance is evaluated by dissociating tetracycline (TC) and rhodamine B (RhB) in visible light.