Microplastics in glaciers of Tibetan Plateau: Characteristics and potential sources.

Microplastics (MPs) in glaciers of remote areas are a hot topic linking the global transport of atmospheric MPs. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) holds large volume of glaciers, providing an effective way to trace MPs transport. Moreover, MPs in glaciers may have adverse effects on the local ecosystem and human health.

Evidence of strong and mode-selective electron-phonon coupling in the topological superconductor candidate 2M-WS.

The interaction between lattice vibrations and electrons plays a key role in various aspects of condensed matter physics - including electron hydrodynamics, strange metal behavior, and high-temperature superconductivity. In this study, we present systematic investigations using Raman scattering and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to examine the phononic and electronic subsystems of the topological superconductor candidate 2M-WS. Raman scattering exhibits an anomalous nonmonotonic temperature dependence of phonon linewidths, indicative of strong phonon-electron scattering over phonon-phonon scattering.

Research on Medical Image Segmentation Method Based on Improved U-Net3.

Computer assisted diagnostic technology has been widely used in clinical practice, specifically focusing on medical image segmentation. Its purpose is to segment targets with certain special meanings in medical images and extract relevant features, providing reliable basis for subsequent clinical diagnosis and research. However, because of different shapes and complex structures of segmentation targets in different medical images, some imaging techniques have similar characteristics, such as intensity, color, or texture, for imaging different organs and tissues.

A new mouse model of depression induced by chronic restraint stress combined with lipopolysaccharide.

The aim of this study was to establish a multi-factor-induced depression model in mice within a relatively short period, specifically through the combination of intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS), and to evaluate the differences in depressive-like behaviors among three different strains of mice, seeking mouse strains more suitable for this combined model. The mice of each strain were randomly divided into the normal group and model group. The mice in the model group received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS once daily (1 mg/kg/d for 7 days) and subsequent CRS for 6 h, to induce depression, while the mice in the normal group received no treatment.

Spectroscopic and Theoretical Identifications of Two Structural Motifs of (HO) Cluster.

Precise characterization of archetypal systems of aqueous hydrogen-bonding networks is essential for developing accurate potential functions and universal models of water. The structures of water clusters (HO) ( = 2-9) have been verified recently through size-specific infrared spectroscopy with a vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV-FEL) and quantum chemical studies. For (HO), the pentagonal prism and butterfly motifs were proposed to be important building blocks and were observed in previous experiments.

Molecular characterization of organic aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau: Spatiotemporal variations, sources, and potential implications.

Organic aerosols have profound and far-reaching influences on the Earth's climate, ecosystems, environmental quality, and public health. Elucidating the precise composition and sources of these aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau, a region highly sensitive to climate change and vulnerable to ecosystems, is critically important. Sixteen organic molecular tracers in aerosols were quantified using solvent extraction-BSTFA derivatization, and GC/MS analysis at six sites over the Tibetan Plateau during 2014 and 2016.

Initiation time of double-filtration plasma apheresis affects the risk of persistent organ failure in hypertriglyceridaemia-induced acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study.

The effect of double filtration plasma apheresis (DFPP) on improving the outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the initiation time of DFPP and the risk of persistent organ failure (POF) in an HTG-AP cohort in China. We retrospectively evaluated data from HTG-AP patients treated with DFPP 48 h after diagnosis between January 2017 and January 2022.

Observation of Confinement-Free Neutral Group Three Transition Metal Carbonyls Sc(CO) and TM(CO) (TM=Y, La).

Spectroscopic characterization of neutral highly-coordinated compounds is essential in fundamental and applied research, but has been proven to be a challenging experimental target because of the difficulty in mass selection. Here, we report the preparation and size-specific infrared-vacuum ultraviolet (IR-VUV) spectroscopic identification of group-3 transition metal carbonyls Sc(CO) and TM(CO) (TM=Y, La) in the gas phase, which are the first confinement-free neutral heptacarbonyl and octacarbonyl complexes. The results indicate that Sc(CO) has a C structure and TM(CO) (TM=Y, La) have a D structure.

Size-Specific Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Reactions between Water Molecules and Neutral Vanadium Dimer: Evidence for Water Splitting.

Investigation of the reactions between water molecules and neutral metal clusters is important in water splitting but is very challenging due to the inherent difficulty of size selection. Here, we report a size-specific infrared-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic study on the reactions of water with neutral vanadium dimer. The VOH and VOH products were characterized to have unexpected V(μ-OH)(μ-H)(η-OH) and V(μ-OH)(η-H)(η-OH) structures, indicative of a water decomposition.

Topology Hierarchy of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Built from Quantum Spin Hall Layers.

The evolution of the physical properties of 2D material from monolayer limit to the bulk reveals unique consequences from dimension confinement and provides a distinct tuning knob for applications. Monolayer 1T'-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (1T'-TMDs) with ubiquitous quantum spin Hall (QSH) states are ideal 2D building blocks of various 3D topological phases. However, the stacking geometry has been previously limited to the bulk 1T'-WTe type.

Capturing Hydrogen Radicals by Neutral Metal Hydroxides.

Capturing the hydrogen radical is of central importance in various systems ranging from catalysis to biology to astronomy, but it has been proven to be challenging experimentally because of its high reactivity and short lifetime. Here, neutral MOH (M = Sc, Y, La) complexes were characterized by size-specific infrared-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy. All these products were determined to be the hydrogen radical adducts in the form of H•M(OH).

Spectroscopic snapshot for neutral water nonamer (HO): Adding a HO onto a hydrogen bond-unbroken edge of (HO).

Structural characterization of neutral water clusters is crucial to understanding the structures and properties of water, but it has been proven to be a challenging experimental target due to the difficulty in size selection. Here, we report the size-specific infrared spectra of confinement-free neutral water nonamer (HO) based on threshold photoionization, using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser. Distinct OH stretch vibrational fundamentals in the 3200-3350 cm region are observed, providing unique spectral signatures for the formation of an unprecedented (HO) structure evolved by adding a ninth water molecule onto a hydrogen bond-unbroken edge of the (HO) octamer with D symmetry.

Duck TRIM35 Promotes Tembusu Virus Replication by Interfering with RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Signaling in Duck Embryo Fibroblasts.

In China, the duck industry has been severely impacted by the newly emerging duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV). For DTMUV to successfully infect host cells, it employs several strategies that subvert the host's innate immune response. It has been found that several viral proteins encoded by DTMUV have strategically targeted the crucial molecules of the RIG-I-like Receptor (RLR) signaling pathway to antagonize host antiviral responses.

A Mesoscale Study on the Dilation of Actively Confined Concrete under Axial Compression.

The confinement of concrete enhances its strength and ductility by restraining lateral dilation. The accuracy of a confinement model depends on how well it captures the dilation of concrete. In the current paper, a mesoscale model is established to study the dilation properties of concrete in active confinement, where the heterogeneity of concrete is considered.

Infrared Spectroscopy of Stepwise Hydration Motifs of Sulfur Dioxide.

Experimental characterization of microscopic events and behaviors of SO-HO interactions is crucial to understanding SO atmospheric chemistry but has been proven to be very challenging due to the difficulty in size selection. Here, size-dependent development of SO hydrate structure and cluster growth in the SO(HO) ( = 1-16) complexes was probed by infrared spectroscopy based on threshold photoionization using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. Spectral changes with cluster size demonstrate that the sandwich structure initially formed at = 1 develops into cycle structures with the sulfur and oxygen atoms in a two-dimensional plane ( = 2 and 3) and then into three-dimensional cage structures ( ≥ 4).

Approaching a Minimal Topological Electronic Structure in Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator MnBiTe via Surface Modification.

The topological electronic structure plays a central role in the nontrivial physical properties in topological quantum materials. A minimal, "hydrogen-atom-like" topological electronic structure is desired for research. In this work, we demonstrate an effort toward the realization of such a system in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBiTe, by manipulating the topological surface state (TSS) via surface modification.

Ligand-Induced Tuning of the Electronic Structure of Rhombus Tetraboron Cluster.

A neutral boron carbonyl complex B (CO) is generated in the gas phase and is characterized by infrared plus vacuum ultraviolet (IR+VUV) two-color ionization spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The complex is identified to have a planar C structure with three CO ligands terminally coordinated to a rhombus B core. It has a closed-shell singlet ground state that correlates to an excited state of B .

Organic aerosol compositions and source estimation by molecular tracers in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.

To elucidate the molecular composition and sources of organic aerosols in Central Asia, carbonaceous compounds, major ions, and 15 organic molecular tracers of total suspended particulates (TSP) were analyzed from September 2018 to August 2019 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Extremely high TSP concentrations (annual mean ± std: 211 ± 131 μg m) were observed, particularly during summer (seasonal mean ± std: 333 ± 183 μg m). Organic carbon (OC: 11.

Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds over two distinct sites in Pakistan: Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment.

Much attention is drawn to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an air pollutant due to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, to understand the levels, seasonality, sources and potential health risk of PAHs in two distinct geographical locations at Karachi and Mardan in Pakistan, total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected for over one year period. The average total PAH concentrations were 31.

Construction of a Recombinant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Encoding Nanoluciferase for High-Throughput Screening of Natural Antiviral Products.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the predominant cause of an acute, highly contagious enteric disease in neonatal piglets. There are currently no approved drugs against PEDV infection. Here, we report the development of a nanoluciferase (NLuc)-based high-throughput screening (HTS) platform to identify novel anti-PEDV compounds.

Glycosylation on envelope glycoprotein of duck Tembusu virus affects virus replication and contributes to the neurovirulence and pathogenicity .

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emergent flavivirus, causes domestic waterfowls to suffer from severe egg-drop syndrome and fatal encephalitis, greatly threatens duck production globally. Like other mosquito-borne flaviviruses, the envelope (E) protein of all DTMUV strains was N-glycosylated at the amino acid position 154. Thus far, the biological roles of DTMUV E glycosylation have remained largely unexplored.

Duck Tembusu Virus Infection Promotes the Expression of Duck Interferon-Induced Protein 35 to Counteract RIG-I Antiviral Signaling in Duck Embryo Fibroblasts.

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus that has caused a substantial drop in egg production and severe neurological disorders in domestic waterfowl. Several studies have revealed that viral proteins encoded by DTMUV antagonize host IFN-mediated antiviral responses to facilitate virus replication. However, the role of host gene expression regulated by DTMUV in innate immune evasion remains largely unknown.