Preparation and property study of self-assembled nanoparticles from thiolated fucoidan and doxorubicin.

In cancer therapy, addressing the tumor microenvironment remains a critical challenge. This study presented a novel drug delivery system based on thiolated fucoidan (FUC-SH), a marine-derived polysaccharide possessing immunomodulatory properties. FUC-SH was synthesized via cysteine conjugation and self-assembled with doxorubicin (DOX) to form stable nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions and disulfide crosslinking.

Differentiation Between Responders and Non-Responders to Antibiotic Treatment in Mice Using F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol/PET.

Purpose: Bacterial infection causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide despite the availability of antibiotics. Differentiation between responders and non-responders early on during antibiotic treatment will be informative to patients and healthcare providers. Our objective was to investigate whether PET imaging with F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol (F-FDS) or F-FDG can be used to differentiate responders from non-responders to antibiotic treatment.

Network pharmacology-based investigation and experimental validation of the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of Danshen Chuanxiongqin injection in acute pancreatitis.

Background: Danshen Chuanxiong Injection (DCI) has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP); however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood.

Objective: In this study, we employed network pharmacology analysis to comprehensively investigate the active components, potential targets, and signaling pathways involved in DCI-mediated treatment of AP.

Methods: We utilized the mouse pancreatic acinar cell line 266-6 to establish an cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced AP cell injury model and evaluated cell viability using the Cell counting kit-8 assay.

Evaluation of 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro glucaric acid (FGA) as a potential PET tracer for tumor necrosis.

In this study, [F]FGA was obtained by a one-step oxidation of [F]FDG using sodium hypochlorite. The conversion from [F]FDG to [F]FGA was confirmed by HPLC to be over 95% using the optimal condition. A549-luciferase NSCLC xenografted mice was used for in vivo PET imaging.

Production, identification, analysis, and cytoprotection on HO-induced HUVECs of novel angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Skipjack tuna roes.

Background: Exceeding 50% tuna catches are regarded as byproducts in the production of cans. Given the high amount of tuna byproducts and their environmental effects induced by disposal and elimination, the valorization of nutritional ingredients from these by-products receives increasing attention.

Objective: This study was to identify the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEi) peptides from roe hydrolysate of Skipjack tuna () and evaluate their protection functions on HO-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

A meta-analysis of the association between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of acute respiratory tract infection in the healthy pediatric group.

No previous meta-analysis had explored the association between vitamin D supplementation in healthy pediatrics and the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Thus, we meta-analyzed the current evidence in this regard to provide sufficient knowledge about this risk-benefit ratio for vitamin D supplementation in this specific age group. We searched seven databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation and ARTIs risk on a healthy pediatric population (0-18 years old).

Consumption of fish oil high-fat diet induces murine hair loss via epidermal fatty acid binding protein in skin macrophages.

Fats are essential in healthy diets, but how dietary fats affect immune cell function and overall health is not well understood. Mimicking human high-fat diets (HFDs), which are rich in different fatty acid (FA) components, we fed mice various HFDs from different fat sources, including fish oil and cocoa butter. Mice consuming the fish oil HFD exhibit a hair-loss phenotype.

Specific deletion of CDC42 in pancreatic β cells attenuates glucose-induced insulin expression and secretion in mice.

Insulin is a key hormone for maintaining glucose homeostasis in organisms. In general, deficiency of insulin synthesis and secretion results in type I diabetes, whereas insulin resistance leads to type 2 diabetes. Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a member of Rho GTPases family, has been shown as an essential regulator in the second phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic islets β cells in vitro.

Recruitment of monocytes and epigenetic silencing of intratumoral CYP7B1 primarily contribute to the accumulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol in breast cancer.

Previous studies showed that intratumoral 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC), a metabolite of cholesterol, promotes growth, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells and that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancers are closely related to tumor growth and metastatic progression. However, the relationship between 27-HC and TAMs in breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that CYP27A1, the 27-HC synthesizing enzyme, was expressed in a much higher level in THP1 monocytes and THP1-derived macrophages than in breast cancer cells, and the promoter of , the degrading enzyme for 27-HC, was highly methylated in breast tumor cells.

Carnosine Supplementation Enhances Post Ischemic Hind Limb Revascularization.

High (millimolar) concentrations of the histidine containing dipeptide - carnosine (β-alanine-L-histidine) are present in the skeletal muscle. The dipeptide has been shown to buffer intracellular pH, chelate transition metals, and scavenge lipid peroxidation products; however, its role in protecting against tissue injury remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that carnosine protects against post ischemia by augmenting HIF-1α angiogenic signaling by Fe chelation.

Assessment of radiopharmaceutical retention for vascular access ports using positron emission tomography imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to resolve the issue of whether various generations of CR Bard peripheral vascular access ports and catheters are prone to retain PET radiopharmaceuticals. The study evaluates the residual radioactivity remaining following injection for two PET radiopharmaceuticals currently used extensively in the clinic, FDG and Na F.

Methods: FDG was purchased from a local cyclotron facility and Na F was prepared in-house.

Validation of 2-F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol as a Potential Radiopharmaceutical for Imaging Bacterial Infection in the Lung.

2-F-fluorodeoxysorbitol (F-FDS) has been shown to be a promising agent with high selectivity and sensitivity in imaging bacterial infection. The objective of our study was to validate F-FDS as a potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging bacterial infection longitudinally in the lung. Albino C57 female mice were intratracheally inoculated with either live or dead to induce either lung infection or lung inflammation.

Expression profiling of TRIM protein family in THP1-derived macrophages following TLR stimulation.

Activated macrophages play an important role in many inflammatory diseases including septic shock and atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms limiting macrophage activation are not completely understood. Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family have recently emerged as important players in innate immunity and antivirus.

In Vitro PET Imaging of a Miniature Ventricular Assist Device.

Unlabelled: Interactions between the life-sustaining ventricular assist devices and diagnostic therapies must be carefully considered to decrease the risk of inaccurate diagnostic imaging or pump failure.

Methods: The MVAD(®) pump, currently under investigational use, was tested for interaction with radiotracers in an in vitro flow-loop study. The radiotracers (18)F-sodium fluoride and (18)F-FDG were injected into a closed loop to determine the feasibility of direct imaging of the MVAD(®) pump in a PET scanner.

The reverse Warburg effect and 18F-FDG uptake in non-small cell lung cancer A549 in mice: a pilot study.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of fasting and feeding on (18)F-FDG uptake in a mouse model of human non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: In in vivo studies, (18)F-FDG small-animal PET scans were acquired in 5 mice bearing non-small cell lung cancer A549 xenografts on each flank with continuous feeding and after overnight fasting to observe the changes in intratumoral distribution of (18)F-FDG and tumor (18)F-FDG standardized uptake value (SUV). In ex vivo studies, intratumoral spatial (18)F-FDG distribution assessed by autoradiography was compared with the tumor microenvironment (including hypoxia by pimonidazole and stroma by hematoxylin and eosin stain).

Systemically delivered adipose stromal vascular fraction cells disseminate to peripheral artery walls and reduce vasomotor tone through a CD11b+ cell-dependent mechanism.

Vasoactivity, an important aspect of tissue healing, is often compromised in disease and tissue injury. Dysfunction in the smaller vasoactive arteries is most impactful, given the role of these vessels in controlling downstream tissue perfusion. The adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a mix of homeostatic cells shown to promote tissue healing.

[Inhibition of MCF-7/ADR cells by DOX-loaded pluronic-attached PAMAM dendrimer conjugate].

Pluronic modified polyamidoamine (PAMAM) conjugate (PF127-PAMAM) was prepared and the inhibiting effect of MDR against MCF-7/ADR was investigated with doxorubicin (DOX) as model drug. 1H NMR and FTIR spectra showed that the conjugate was synthesized successfully. Element analysis accurately measured that 27.

Dendritic Ni-P-coated melamine foam for a lightweight, low-cost, and amphipathic three-dimensional current collector for binder-free electrodes.

A highly conductive 3D current collector that is dendritic, lightweight, and robust is synthesized for binder-free electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. It has excellent chemical/electrochemical stability in a wide voltage window (0-5 V) and robust mechanical behavior even after 600 cycles of compression. When active materials are grown in situ on the as-obtained current collector, the resulting cycling stability and rate capability far exceed those of conventional electrodes and other 3D current collectors.

Preparation and in vitro characterization of pluronic-attached polyamidoamine dendrimers for drug delivery.

Context: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have attracted lots of interest as drug carriers. And little study about whether pluronic-attached PAMAM dendrimers could be potential drug delivery systems has been carried on.

Objective: Pluronic F127 (PF127) attached PAMAM dendrimers were designed as novel drug carriers.

Aptamer imaging with Cu-64 labeled AS1411: preliminary assessment in lung cancer.

Introduction: AS1411 is a 26-base guanine-rich oligonucleotide aptamer shown binding to surface nucleolin, a protein over-expressed in multiple cancer cells, thus AS1411 labeled with a PET isotope can be explored as a potential diagnostic imaging agent. Our objective was to perform preliminary biological characterization of (64)Cu-labeled AS1411 in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Four chelators (DOTA, CB-TE2A, DOTA-Bn and NOTA-Bn) were selected to label AS1411 with Cu-64.

Preparation, characterization and optimization of nanocellulose whiskers by simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted.

Simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted technique (SUMAT), as a method of process intensification, was first applied to the preparation of nanocellulose whiskers (NCWs) from filter paper by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The effects of temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, and mass of raw material and time on the yield of NCWs were investigated by single-factor experiments, and the preparation conditions were optimized with response surface methodology. The obtained NCWs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetry.

Liquefaction of sawdust in 1-octanol using acidic ionic liquids as catalyst.

Acidic ionic liquids (AILs) as a novel catalyst in biomass liquefaction can accord with the demand of green chemistry and enhance the development of biomass thermal chemical conversion. A series of AILs containing HSO4- were synthesized by the imidazolium cation functionalization and applied to the Chinese fir sawdust liquefaction in 1-octanol in this paper. The experimental results showed that the liquefaction rate was gradually improved with the AILs acidity increasing, and reached 71.

(18)F-misonidazole PET imaging of hypoxia in micrometastases and macroscopic xenografts of human non-small cell lung cancer: a correlation with autoradiography and histological findings.

The objective of this study was to determine whether (18)F-misonidazole could detect hypoxia in macroscopic and microscopic tumors in mice. In nude mice, subcutaneous xenografts and peritoneal metastases were generated utilizing human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and HTB177 cells. Animals were co-injected with (18)F-misonidazole, pimonidazole and bromodeoxyuridine, and tumor perfusion was assessed by Hoechst 33342 injection.

Ferret thoracic anatomy by 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging.

The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) has been a long-standing animal model used in the evaluation and treatment of human diseases. Molecular imaging techniques such as 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) would be an invaluable method of tracking disease in vivo, but this technique has not been reported in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish baseline imaging characteristics of PET/computed tomography (CT) with (18)F-FDG in the ferret model.

Molecular imaging reveals a progressive pulmonary inflammation in lower airways in ferrets infected with 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus.

Molecular imaging has gained attention as a possible approach for the study of the progression of inflammation and disease dynamics. Herein we used [(18)F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG) as a radiotracer for PET imaging coupled with CT (FDG-PET/CT) to gain insight into the spatiotemporal progression of the inflammatory response of ferrets infected with a clinical isolate of a pandemic influenza virus, H1N1 (H1N1pdm). The thoracic regions of mock- and H1N1pdm-infected ferrets were imaged prior to infection and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 days post-infection (DPI).