Monte Carlo simulation to optimize polymyxin B dosing regimens for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteremia.

Objective: This study aimed to predict and evaluate the efficacy of various polymyxin B dosing regimens for Gram-negative bacteremia using Monte Carlo simulation, with a specific focus on assessing the efficacy in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The goal was to optimize clinical dosing regimens and guide rational polymyxin B use in practice.

Methods: A total of 1,939 Gram-negative bacterial strains were analyzed, collected between April 2019 and December 2021 through the China Bloodstream Gram-negative Pathogens Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Surveillance Network (CARVIS-NET).

Structure of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier and its inhibition mechanism.

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) governs the entry of pyruvate-a central metabolite that bridges cytosolic glycolysis with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-into the mitochondrial matrix. It thus serves as a pivotal metabolic gatekeeper and has fundamental roles in cellular metabolism. Moreover, MPC is a key target for drugs aimed at managing diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative diseases.

Cerebrospinal fluid dissemination of an intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the sellar region: illustrative case.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommon types of soft tissue sarcomas. The occurrence of intracranial MPNSTs in the sellar region is exceedingly rare.

Observations: A 37-year-old female, who had undergone transnasal surgery for a pituitary adenoma followed by adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy 10 years earlier, was diagnosed with an intracranial MPNST in the sellar region.

The Differentiation and Regeneration Potential of ABCB5 Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review and Clinical Perspectives.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a family of multipotent stem cells that show self-renewal under proliferation, multilineage differentiation, immunomodulation, and trophic function. Thus, these cells, such as adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), carry great promise for novel clinical treatment options. However, the challenges associated with the isolation of MSCs and the instability of their in vitro expansion remain significant barriers to their clinical application.

Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity increase the risk of low Apgar scores in twins: a population-based cohort study in China.

Objective: While prepregnancy overweight or obesity is known to negatively impact maternal health, its effect on twin infants is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide, multicenter retrospective study to investigate the association between maternal prepregnancy weight and health outcomes in twins.

Study Design: This study collected data from 22 healthcare units across 12 regions in China between January 2018 and December 2020.

Height Measurement Method for Meter-Wave Multiple Input Multiple Output Radar Based on Transmitted Signals and Receive Filter Design.

To address the issue of low-elevation target height measurement in the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar, this paper proposes a height measurement method for meter-wave MIMO radar based on transmitted signals and receive filter design, integrating beamforming technology and cognitive processing methods. According to the characteristics of beamforming technology forming nulls at interference locations, we assume that the direct wave and reflected wave act as interference signals and hypothesize a direction for a hypothetical target. Then, the data received are processed to obtain the height of low-elevation-angle targets using a cognitive approach that jointly optimizes the transmitted signal and receive filter.

The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and High-Frequency Ultrasound in Evaluating the Efficacy of Wrist Intervention for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating the efficacy of wrist intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients experiencing wrist swelling and pain at the Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, over the period from October 2021 to June 2024. All patients were given 1 mL of compound betamethasone injection under ultrasound guidance, and the characteristics of wrist synovium CEUS and HFUS before and after treatment were compared.

Association of antihypertensive drug target genes with stroke subtypes: A Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Epidemiological and genetic studies have elucidated the effect of antihypertensive medication (AHM) on stroke subtypes varying upon drug classes, but which drug target genes, how, and where mediated this association remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the impact of AHM on stroke subtypes.

Methods: Genetic instruments for the expression of AHM target genes were identified with expression quantitative trait loci in blood, which should be associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) to proxy for the effect of AHM.

Molecular Insights into the Control Mechanism of the Solid-Liquid Interface Interaction on Shale Oil Occurrence: Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Investigation.

The strong solid-liquid interaction leads to the complicated occurrence characteristics of shale oil. However, the solid-liquid interface interaction and its controls of the occurrence state of shale oil are poorly understood on the molecular scale. In this work, the adsorption behavior and occurrence state of shale oil in pores of organic/inorganic matter under reservoir conditions were investigated by using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Antihypertensive Drug, Gut Microbiota, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Limited research has investigated the impact of antihypertensive medications on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether gut microbiome (GM) mediates this association. Thus, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the potential impact of various antihypertensive drug target genes on T2DM and its complications. Genetic instruments for the expression of antihypertensive drug target genes were identified with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in blood, which should be associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP).

Association of antihypertensive drug target genes with alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study.

Background: Epidemiological and genetic studies have elucidated associations between antihypertensive medication and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the directionality of these associations varying upon the specific class of antihypertensive agents.

Methods: Genetic instruments for the expression of antihypertensive drug target genes were identified using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in blood, which are associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP). Exposure was derived from existing eQTL data in blood from the eQTLGen consortium and in the brain from the PsychENCODE and subsequently replicated in GTEx V8 and BrainMeta V2.

Exploring the Adaptation Process of to High Temperatures Based on Changes in Intestinal Microbiota.

Global warming has led to rising water temperatures, posing a significant threat to fish survival. Understanding the mechanisms by which fish respond to and adapt to temperature variations is thus of considerable importance. This study employed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics to investigate changes in the intestinal microbiota of the kaluga sturgeon () under four temperature conditions (19 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, and 31 °C) and its relationship with adaptation to high-temperature stress.

Retrieval Integrity Verification and Multi-System Data Interoperability Mechanism of a Blockchain Oracle for Smart Healthcare with Internet of Things (IoT) Integration.

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significantly enhanced smart healthcare systems, enabling the collection and processing of vast healthcare datasets such as electronic medical records (EMRs) and remote health monitoring (RHM) data. However, this rapid expansion has also introduced critical challenges related to data security, privacy, and system reliability. To address these challenges, we propose a retrieval integrity verification and multi-system data interoperability mechanism for a Blockchain Oracle in smart healthcare with IoT Integration (RIVMD-BO).

Hypertension awareness, treatment, control, and prognosis: insights from the sub-cohort of China PEACE million persons project.

It is unclear whether and to what extent hypertension (HTN) awareness, treatment, and control affect prognosis in real-world settings. This study utilized data from the sub-cohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project. A total of 102,358 adults aged 35-75 years were enrolled from Guangdong Province between January 2016 and December 2020.

Fluoride Product Inhibition: New Insight into the Degradation of Nerve Agents by Zr-MOFs.

Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have shown remarkable efficacy in catalytically degrading neurotoxic agents in recent years. However, the catalytic activity of Zr-MOFs can be inhibited due to the binding of phosphate degradation products to the Zr nodes. Here, we reported the inhibition effect of a nonphosphate substance, fluoride, which can deactivate Zr-MOF nodes for the degradation of GD and VX and simulate DEPPT.

Splitting and Aggregation of Carbon Dots: Wavelength-Shifted and Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing of Peroxynitrite.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO) is a short-term reactive biological oxidant and plays an important role in cellular signal transduction and homeostatic regulation. However, excess ONOO is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and accurate assays for ONOO detection are essential for exploring its physiological and pathological function.

Regulation mechanism of oxidative status, immunity and apoptosis induced by hypoxia and heat exposure via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in Megalobrama amblycephala.

Megalobrama amblycephala, a main herbivorous fish with notable economic benefits in China, often faces serious challenges to its survival and growth due to hypoxia and heat caused by factors such as global warming and intensive aquaculture. To evaluate the combined effects of these stressors, we performed a two-factor crossover test to assess the impacts of simultaneous exposure to hypoxia (2 mg/L) and heat (35 °C) on oxidative stress, immunity and apoptosis in M. amblycephala.

Association between pyrrolizidine alkaloids exposure and risk of abnormal serum indices-Insights from a descriptive cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province.

The hazard of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) has been widely reported in animal studies but rarely in population-based research, especially reports about daily exposure. A single-centre descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 552 Lahu Autonomous County residents recruited in 2021. Blood PAs exposure biomarker (pyrrole- protein adduct, PPA) and serum biochemical indices were measured.

Interleukin-18 interacts with NKCC1 to mediate brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Interleukin 18 (IL-18), a proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular disease and psychiatric disorders. In a previous study, IL-18 was observed to activate microglia and enhance the inflammatory response following intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Theoretical study on the concerted catalysis of Ir/Ni for amino radical transfer for C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation.

Thomas C. Maier's group has reported a synergistic Ir/Ni catalysis method for the synthesis of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds through an amino radical transfer (ART) strategy to generate alkyl radicals. This work employed density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the reaction mechanism, including the redox mechanism of Ir complexes in the generation process of amino radicals, analyzed the role and rationale behind alkyl boronic esters becoming dominant reaction pathways in the ART process, and discussed the competitive reaction mechanisms between oxidative addition and radical capture during C(sp)-C(sp) cross-coupling with Ni complexes.

Lipid on stroke in intracranial artery atherosclerotic stenosis: a mediation role of glucose.

Objective: Expanding on previous investigations, this study aims to elucidate the role of lipid metabolism disorders in the development of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and the determination of stroke risk. The primary objective is to explore the connections between lipid parameters and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), while also examining the potential mediating influence of fasting glucose levels.

Methods: Retrospectively, we collected data from symptomatic ICAS patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, including their baseline information such as medical histories and admission blood biochemical parameters.

Association between walking pace and heart failure: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background And Aim: The relationship between walking pace and heart failure (HF) has been recognized, yet the directionality and underlying mediating risk factors remain unclear.

Methods And Results: This study utilized bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to assess the causal relationships between walking pace and HF. Additionally, we employed a two-step Multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) to explore potential mediating factors.

High-Electrochemical-Activity Composite Cathode Enabled by Fast Segmental Relaxation for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) have attracted a great deal of attention because of their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety. However, their practical applications are severely impeded by slow redox kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, we revealed the detrimental effect of aggregation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) on the redox kinetics and reversibility of SSLSBs.

Sex differences in long-term heart failure prognosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis.

Aims: Sex differences in the long-term prognosis of heart failure (HF) remain controversial, and there is a lack of comprehensive pooling of the sex differences in outcomes of HF. This study aims to characterize the sex differences in the long-term prognosis of HF and explore whether these differences vary by age, HF course, left ventricular ejection fraction, region, period of study, study design, and follow-up duration.

Methods And Results: A systematic review was conducted using Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, from 1 January 1990 to 31 March 2024.