SHEP1 alleviates cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury via targeting G3BP1 to regulate macrophage infiltration and inflammation.

The macrophage-associated inflammation response plays an important role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). SHEP1(SH2 domain-containing Eph receptor-binding protein 1) has been implicated in adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells. However, the role and molecular mechanism of SHEP1 regulating macrophage remains unclear during MIRI.

Exome Sequencing Identified Susceptible Genes for High Residual Risks in Early-Onset Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease.

Aims: Despite the tremendous improvement in therapeutic medication and intervention for coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), residual risks remain. Exome sequencing enables identification of rare variants and susceptibility genes for residual risks of early-onset coronary atherosclerotic disease (EOCAD) with well-controlled conventional risk factors.

Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing of subjects who had no conventional risk factors, defined as higher body mass index, smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia, screened from 1950 patients with EOCAD (age ≤ 45 years, at least 50% stenosis of coronary artery by angiography), and selected control subjects from 1006 elder (age ≥ 65 years) with < 30% coronary stenosis.

Bruton tyrosine kinase promotes wound healing after myocardial infarction by inhibiting the transcription of u-PA.

Backgrounds: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is highly expressed in immune cells, plays a critical role in regulating the function of macrophages. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the accumulation of macrophages in cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction (MI) significantly affects wound healing and ventricular remodeling during the early phase of repair after MI. However, the role of BTK in cardiac repair post-MI, especially in macrophage-mediated repair, remains unclear.

Genetically predicted smoking and body mass index mediate the relationship between insomnia and myocardial infarction.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and explore potential mediators such as smoking initiation, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) using mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Data from 1,207,228 individuals of European ancestry were obtained from the UK Biobank and 23andMe for insomnia-related genetic associations. Genetic instruments for MI, smoking initiation, alcohol consumption, and BMI were derived from large-scale genome-wide association studies.

Enhancement of hydrogen production in dark fermentation of corn stover hydrolysates through composite electric field pretreatment: Improving enzymatic efficiency and regulating microbial metabolic balance.

This study investigates the effects of composite electric field pretreatment (CEP) on hydrogen production from corn stover enzymatic hydrolysates in dark fermentation. The findings reveal that under optimal conditions, the CEP group achieved a cumulative hydrogen yield of 77.3  ±  2.

Lung Immune Cell Niches and the Discovery of New Cell Subtypes.

Immune cells in the lungs are important for maintaining lung function. The importance of immune cells in defending against lung diseases and infections is increasingly recognized. However, a primary knowledge gaps in current studies of lung immune cells is the understanding of their subtypes and functional heterogeneity.

Reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a-based universal detection for fast screening and accurate identification of six pospiviroids infecting Solanaceae crops.

Background: Pospiviroids, members of the genus Pospiviroid, can cause severe diseases in tomato and other Solanaceae crops, causing considerable economic losses worldwide. Six pospiviroids including potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd), tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd), Columnea latent viroid (CLVd), pepper chat fruit viroid (PCFVd), and tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) are regulated in many countries and organizations. Rapid, accurate detection is thus crucial for controlling the spread of these pospiviroids.

The causal association between epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Objectives: Epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are common neurological disorders. The association between the two disorders has been raised in observational studies. However, it is uncertain to what extent they have mutual causal effects.

Hypermethylation and suppression of microRNA219a-2 activates the ALDH1L2/GSH/PAI-1 pathway for fibronectin degradation in renal fibrosis.

Epigenetic regulations, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs, play an important role in renal fibrosis. Here, we report the regulation of microRNA219a-2 by DNA methylation in fibrotic kidneys, unveiling the crosstalk between these epigenetic mechanisms. Through genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and pyrosequencing, we detected the hypermethylation of microRNA219a-2 in renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or renal ischemia/reperfusion, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in microRNA-219a-5p expression.

Transiently formed nucleus-to-cilium microtubule arrays mediate senescence initiation in a KIFC3-dependent manner.

Despite the importance of cellular senescence in human health, how damaged cells undergo senescence remains elusive. We have previously shown that promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body (PML-NBs) translocation of the ciliary FBF1 is essential for senescence induction in stressed cells. Here we discover that an early cellular event occurring in stressed cells is the transient assembly of stress-induced nucleus-to-cilium microtubule arrays (sinc-MTs).

Establishment and characterization of a mouse model for studying kidney repair in diabetes.

The prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is markedly worse in patients with diabetes. Diabetes not only exaggerates the severity of AKI but also prevent kidney repair or recovery from AKI. Little is known about the cellular and molecular basis of defective kidney repair in diabetes.

Pik3c3 expression profiling in the mouse kidney and its role in proximal tubule cell physiology.

The class 3 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pik3c3) plays critical roles in regulating autophagy, endocytosis, and nutrient sensing, but its expression profile in the kidney remains undefined. Recently, we validated a Pik3c3 antibody through immunofluorescence staining of kidney tissues from cell type-specific Pik3c3 knockout mice. Immunohistochemistry unveiled significant disparities in Pik3c3 expression levels across various kidney cell types.

CircRNA-Cacna1d Plays a Critical Role in Sepsis-induced Lung Injury by Sponging miRNA-185-5p.

The role of circRNAs in sepsis-induced lung injury is not clear. This study investigated the role and molecular mechanism of a novel circRNA in sepsis-induced lung injury and explored its prognostic value in sepsis patients. In this study, aberrant circRNA expression profiling in lung tissues from mice with sepsis-induced lung injury was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.

Lung megakaryocytes engulf inhaled airborne particles to promote intrapulmonary inflammation and extrapulmonary distribution.

Many lung immune cells are known to respond to inhaled particulate matter. However, current known responses cannot explain how particles induce thrombosis in the lung and how they translocate to distant organs. Here, we demonstrate that lung megakaryocytes (MKs) in the alveolar and interstitial regions display location-determined characteristics and act as crucial responders to inhaled particles.

Dietary sodium modulates mTORC1-dependent trained immunity in macrophages to accelerate CKD development.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue linked to dietary habits, especially high salt intake. However, the precise mechanisms driving this progression remain incompletely understood. This study reveals that a high-salt diet intensifies macrophage trained immunity, leading to a marked pro-inflammatory response upon repeated pathogenic exposures, as evidenced by increased renal damage and fibrosis.

microRNAs in kidney diseases: Regulation, therapeutics, and biomarker potential.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by inhibiting the translation of their specific target messenger RNAs. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated changes in the expression of miRNAs in the kidneys throughout the progression of both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both human patients and experimental models. The role of specific microRNAs in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases has also been demonstrated.

All-cellulose composite yarn via welding engineering.

Due to the wide range of available raw materials and excellent biocompatibility, all-cellulose composites (ACCs) have received significant attention as a kind of renewable and biodegradable candidate to replace petroleum-based synthetic polymers. However, most current research of ACCs is limited to film and bulk materials. Herein, we present a simple, efficient, and scalable welding method for obtaining green, self-reinforced, high performance all-cellulose composite yarns by partially dissolving and regenerating cellulose yarns with phosphoric acid.

Body fat percentage vs body mass index in estimating basal cell carcinoma.

Background: The role of body mass index (BMI) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) risk remains controversial, and limited information is available regarding the relationship between other physical measurements and BCC. Several recent studies have found a positive effect of adiposity on improved survival when obesity was determined solely by BMI (the "obesity paradox"). We hypothesize that body fat percentage (BFP) may serve as a more sensitive risk factor for BCC than BMI.

Molybdenum Disulfide Induced Phase Control Synthesis of Multi-dimensional CoS-MoS Heteronanostructures via Cation Exchange.

Phase control over cation exchange (CE) reactions has emerged as an important approach for the synthesis of nanomaterials (NMs), enabling precise determination of their reactivity and properties. Although factors such as crystal structure and morphology have been studied for the phase engineering of CE reactions in NMs, there remains a lack of systematic investigation to reveal the impact for the factors in heterogeneous materials. Herein, we report a molybdenum disulfide induced phase control method for synthesizing multidimensional CoS-MoS heteronanostructures (HNs) via cation exchange.