The modulation of temporal predictability on attentional boost effect.

Introduction: The attentional boost effect, characterized by better memory for background scenes coinciding with a detection target than a nontarget, is believed to stem from a temporary increase in attentional capacity at the time of an acute behavior-related event occurring. Sisk and Jiang's study found that the attentional boost effect also occurs when the target's appearance was predictable. Unfortunately, the duration of the predictive interval in Sisk and Jiang's study was fixed.

The component and structure of interpersonal trust.

Prior research has identified trust trait, trust expectation, trust risk and trust behavior as integral components of interpersonal trust. However, there still lack an in-depth exploration of the structural relationships among these integral components-how these integral components collectively constitute interpersonal trust. The current study innovatively proposed that interpersonal trust is anchored by individual trust trait, mediated by the dynamic equilibrium between trust risk and trust expectation, and culminates in trust behavior as the outcome.

Why Do We "Like" on WeChat Moments: The Effects of Personality Traits and Content Characteristics.

To probe the motivational roles of hedonic gratification and social gratification in giving "Like" feedback on social media, we developed a set of novel pictures to simulate WeChat Moments. We subsequently examined how the personality trait of extraversion and stimulus content characteristics (e.g.

Stereochemistry of chiral pesticide uniconazole and enantioselective metabolism in rat liver microsomes.

In this work, stereochemistry of uniconazole enantiomers and their metabolism behaviors in rat liver microsomes have been researched. Significance analysis has been applied in data processing. Absolute configurations of uniconazole enantiomers were identified through vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Effects of contaminated surface water and groundwater from a rare earth mining area on the biology and the physiology of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Previous studies have shown that an effective damage detection method for model rats from macro individual to micro cellular, was applied to assess the groundwater quality from rare earth metals tailings seepage. To determine whether it is universal method for measuring the toxicological damage caused by contaminated water around other mining areas to organisms at the organ-tissue-cell-chromosome-gene level. In this study, a rare earth mining area in North China was used as research base.

Caring for the self and others: a reflection on everyday commoning amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this essay, I share my experiences and reflection on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of a Chinese student residing in Pittsburgh, USA. Three examples of "commoning"-acts of managing shared resources by a group of people-reveal the importance of care and collaboration in the time of uncertainty. First, when COVID-19 posed a threat to the food supply chain, community gardens and home gardening ensured food security and enhanced mutual support.

miR-874 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by targeting SPAG9.

Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Although aberrant miR-874 expression has been reported in various human cancers, its role in GC remains obscure.

Methods: miR-874 expression was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in 62 matched GC and adjacent normal tissues, as well as in GC cell lines and immortalized human gastric epithelial cells.

Host protein CD63 promotes viral RNA replication by interacting with human astrovirus non-structural protein nsP1a/4.

Human astrovirus non-structural protein nsP1a/4, located at the C-terminal end of nsP1a, is thought to be involved in regulating RNA replication. Here, we show that host protein CD63 interacts with the nsP1a protein. Further research showed that the large loop (LEL) domain of CD63 also interacts with nsP1a/4.

Detection of exudates in fundus photographs with imbalanced learning using conditional generative adversarial network.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. However, 90% of DR caused blindness can be prevented if diagnosed and intervened early. Retinal exudates can be observed at the early stage of DR and can be used as signs for early DR diagnosis.

Electrode Placing Sites affect Pulp Vitality Test of Human Incisors and Premolars.

Objective: To investigate electric pulp test thresholds at different sites on healthy incisors and premolars and determine appropriate test sites.

Methods: Overall, 47 volunteers aged 20 to 30 years were recruited, and 163 incisors and 140 premolars were tested at several sites with an Electric Pulp Tester. One-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test were used to analyse the threshold values among different tooth types and sites.

Intracellular disposition of chitosan nanoparticles in macrophages: intracellular uptake, exocytosis, and intercellular transport.

Biodegradable nanomaterials have been widely used in numerous medical fields. To further improve such efforts, this study focused on the intracellular disposition of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) in macrophages, a primary cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Such interactions with the MPS determine the nanoparticle retention time in the body and consequently play a significant role in their own clinical safety.

Hydroxy-Al and cell-surface negativity are responsible for the enhanced sensitivity of Rhodotorula taiwanensis to aluminum by increased medium pH.

Aluminum (Al) is ubiquitous and toxic to microbes. High Al concentration and low pH are two key factors responsible for Al toxicity, but our present results contradict this idea. Here, an Al-tolerant yeast strain Rhodotorula taiwanensis RS1 was incubated in glucose media containing Al with a continuous pH gradient from pH 3.

Huge retroperitoneal liposarcoma with renal involvement requires nephrectomy: A case report and literature review.

A 60-year-old female visited Guihang Guiyang Hospital (Guiyang, China). She presented with abdominal pain in the right side for the previous 2-months, with a touchable mass identified for the previous 1-month. Computed tomography with magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge mass in the right abdomen.

Dietary calcium deficiency in laying ducks impairs eggshell quality by suppressing shell biomineralization.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary calcium deficiency on the process of shell formation. Four hundred and fifty female ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) at 22 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups. Ducks were fed one of two calcium-deficient diets (containing 1.

Painful faces-induced attentional blink modulated by top-down and bottom-up mechanisms.

Pain-related stimuli can capture attention in an automatic (bottom-up) or intentional (top-down) fashion. Previous studies have examined attentional capture by pain-related information using spatial attention paradigms that involve mainly a bottom-up mechanism. In the current study, we investigated the pain information-induced attentional blink (AB) using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task, and compared the effects of task-irrelevant and task-relevant pain distractors.

Inactivation of the prelimbic rather than infralimbic cortex impairs acquisition and expression of formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance.

Conditioned place avoidance (CPA) paradigm has been used to investigate the affective component of pain. Although the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the affective aspect of pain, whether the other prefrontal subdivisions are involved in pain-related aversion is unknown. The present study investigated the role of the prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) in the acquisition and expression of formalin-induced CPA (F-CPA) in rats.

Variations in chondrogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin/alginate blended hydrogels.

Fibrin and alginate hydrogels have been widely used to support chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for articular cartilage and fibrocartilage tissue engineering, with each material offering distinct advantages and disadvantages. Attempting to produce a gel scaffold exhibiting beneficial characteristics of both materials, we fabricated fibrin/alginate blended hydrogels at various blend ratios and evaluated the gel morphology, mechanical properties and their support for BM-MSC chondrogenesis. Results show that when the fibrin/alginate ratio decreased, the fibrin architecture transitioned from uniform to interconnected fibrous and finally to disconnected islands against an alginate background, with opposing trends in the alginate architecture.

S-52, a novel nootropic compound, protects against β-amyloid induced neuronal injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Accumulating evidence suggests that β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced oxidative DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction may initiate and contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of S-52, a novel nootropic compound, on Aβ-induced mitochondrial failure. In an established paradigm of moderate cellular injury induced by Aβ, S-52 was observed to attenuate the toxicity of Aβ to energy metabolism, mitochondrial membrane structure, and key enzymes in the electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Poly[(acetato-κ(2)O,O')aqua-(μ(4)-1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ato-κ(6)N(3):O(5),O(5'):O(5),O(6):O(6'))cerium(III)].

In the title compound, [Ce(C(9)H(4)N(2)O(4))(C(2)H(3)O(2))(H(2)O)](n), the Ce(III) ion is coordinated by five O atoms and one N atom from four 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ato (L) ligands and by two O atoms from an acetate ligand and one aqua ligand, forming a slightly distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic geometry. The L ligands are bridging, forming a layered polymer parallel to (010). In the crystal, O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the polymer layers into a three-dimensional network.

Effects of chlorhexidine, listerine and fluoride listerine mouthrinses on four putative root-caries pathogens in the biofilm.

Objective: To investigate the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX), Listerine and Fluoride Listerine on putative root-caries pathogens in the biofilm in the artificial mouth model.

Methods: A total of 24 human dentine discs were prepared. A biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces naeslundii was cultured on the surfaces of human dentine discs in an artificial-mouth model.

Poly[(μ-1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ato)lead(II)].

The crystal structure of the two-dimensional polymeric title compound, [Pb(C(9)H(4)N(2)O(4))](n), comprises one crystallo-graphic-ally independent Pb(II) atom and one fully deprotonated 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxyl-ate (H(2)L) ligand. The Pb(II) atom is seven-coordinated by six O atoms and one N atom from the H(2)L ligands, giving a capped octa-hedral coordination geometry. The structure is a layered two-dimensional coordination polymer extending parallel to (100) with N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds inter-actions between the layers, stabilizing the crystal structure.

Effects of hydrogen peroxide-containing bleaching on cariogenic bacteria and plaque accumulation.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a commercial bleaching agent containing 36% hydrogen peroxide on the clinical plaque index and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli counts in dental plaque and saliva in vivo.

Methods: Twenty volunteers were recruited in the present study. Evaluation of plaque index and bacteria counts in plaque and saliva was performed before bleaching the teeth, and 3 days, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-treatment.

Preparation and research of nano-scale europium (III)-pyromellitic acid powder luminescent material.

The nanoscale luminescent complex of europium (III)-pyromellitic acid was synthesized successfully in the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix by a co-precipitation method. The chemical formula of the synthesized complex was speculated to be PVP/Eu4/3L x 3H2O by elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PVP/Eu4/3L x 3H2O indicated that it was a new crystalline complex since the diffraction angle, diffraction intensity, and distance of the crystal plane were all different from those of the ligand.

Bis(2,2'-bipyridine)(2-hy-droxy-2,2-diphenyl-acetato)-copper(II) nitrate dihydrate.

In the title complex, [Cu(C(14)H(11)O(3))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)]NO(3)·2H(2)O, the Cu(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and two O atoms from one benzilate ligand in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. A supra-molecular network is formed via inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. π-π stacking inter-actions between neighboring pyridine rings are also present, the centroid-centroid distance being 3.

Huperzine A protects isolated rat brain mitochondria against beta-amyloid peptide.

Our previous work in cells and animals showed that mitochondria are involved in the neuroprotective effect of huperzine A (HupA). In this study, the effects of HupA on isolated rat brain mitochondria were investigated. In addition to inhibiting the Abeta(25-35) (40 microM)-induced decrease in mitochondrial respiration, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, enzyme activity, and transmembrane potential, HupA (0.