Deciphering the Causality between Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Poisoning by Narcotics and Psychodysleptics: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background: This study investigates the connection between gut microbiota and poisoning caused by narcotics and psychodysleptics, using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore possible causal relationships.

Methods: The study employed the MR analysis, leveraging genetic variants as instrumental variables to facilitate robust causal inference. Data for gut microbiota was extracted from the MiBioGen study, integrating genome-wide genotyping data with 16S fecal microbiota profiles.

A quasi-experimental study of fresh oxygen flow on patients' oxygen reserve during mask-assisted ventilation under general anesthesia induction.

Background: To compare the effect of different amounts of fresh oxygen flow on oxygen reserve in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods: Seventy-two patients were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. Patients were randomly divided into experimental groups with a fresh oxygen flow of 1 L/min, 2 L/min, 4 L/min, and 8 L/min (denoted as G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively) for 2 min of mask-assisted ventilation.

Trastuzumab-induced human cardiomyocyte damage through the Notch2/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective: Trastuzumab is the preferred drug for the treatment of breast cancer. However, research on the cellular mechanisms of trastuzumab's potential cardiotoxicity is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to explore the toxic effects and potential mechanism of action of trastuzumab on cardiomyocytes.

Incidence rate of hypokalemic and its associated factors for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Hypokalemia is common in hospitalized patients. In fact, untreated hypokalemia is associated with the incidence and mortality of adverse cardiac events. Timely recognition and treatment of these diseases are essential.

Comparison of the effectiveness of high-flow nasal oxygen vs. standard facemask oxygenation for pre- and apneic oxygenation during anesthesia induction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In recent years, high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) has been widely used in clinic, especially in perioperative period. Many studies have discussed the role of HFNO in pre- and apneic oxygenation, but their results are controversial. Our study aimed to examine the effectiveness of HFNO in pre- and apneic oxygenation by a meta-analysis of RCTs.

Impact of 30° Reserve Trendelenburg Position on Lung Function in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of patients' positioning before and after intubation with mechanical ventilation, and after extubation on the lung function and blood oxygenation of patients with morbid obesity, who had a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: Patients with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m, ASA I - II grade) who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at our hospital from June 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled in this prospective study. Before intubation, after intubation with mechanical ventilation, and after extubation, arterial blood was collected for blood oxygenation and gas analysis after posturing the patients at supine position or 30° reverse Trendelenburg position (30°-RTP).

Serious bronchospasm induced by cisatracurium besylate: A case report.

Rationale: Cis-atracurium as an intermediate-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker is widely used clinically with less causing cyclic fluctuations and less histamine release. As the use rate increases, allergic reactions and anaphylactoid reactions caused by cis-atracurium increase.

Patient Concerns: A 23-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Stabilization of the histone acetyltransferase Tip60 by deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is often associated with inflammation. Increasing evidence has identified the role for ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) in activating the expression of inflammatory factors in macrophages. The present study evaluated whether USP7 also mediates histone acetyltransferase Tat-interactive protein 60 (Tip60) in the development of ALI inflammation.

Catastrophic thoracolumbar spinal massive hematoma triggered by intraspinal anesthesia puncture: A CARE-compliant case report.

Rationale: Intraspinal anesthesia, the most common anesthesia type of orthopedic operation, is regarded as safe and simple. Despite of the rare incidence, puncture related complication of intraspinal anesthesia is catastrophic for spinal cord. Here we present an intradural hematoma case triggered by improper anesthesia puncture.

Propofol Target-controlled Infusion in Anesthesia Induction during Painless Gastroscopy.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using the eyelash reflex as an indicator to calculate the individualised optimal target concentration in anesthesia induction during painless gastroscopy.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China, from January to December in 2016.

Negative pressure pulmonary edema after general anesthesia: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a dangerous clinical complication and potentially life-threatening emergency without prompt diagnosis and intervention during recovery period after anesthetic extubation.

Patient Concerns: A 25-year-old woman has undergone endoscopic thyroidectomy. After extubation, the patient developed acute respiratory distress with high airway resistance accompanied with wheezing, oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) decreased to 70%.

Prophylactic treatment with MSC-derived exosomes attenuates traumatic acute lung injury in rats.

The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a potential strategy in the pretreatment of traumatic acute lung injury (ALI), a disease that causes inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate whether MSC-exosomal microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) affects traumatic ALI. Initially, a traumatic ALI rat model was established using the weight-drop method.

Neuroinflammation and central PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway contribute to bone cancer pain.

Background: Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms suffered by patients with progression of cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for hyperalgesia are not well understood. Since the midbrain periaqueductal gray is an important component of the descending inhibitory pathway controlling on central pain transmission, in this study, we examined the role for pro-inflammatory cytokines of the periaqueductal gray in regulating mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia evoked by bone cancer via phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals.

Methods: Breast sarcocarcinoma Walker 256 cells were implanted into the tibia bone cavity of rats to induce mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia.

MicroRNA-485 Modulates the TGF-β/ Smads Signaling Pathway in Chronic Asthmatic Mice by Targeting Smurf2.

Background/aims: Chronic respiratory conditions continue to plague millions of people worldwide. We aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of microRNA-485 (miR-485) in airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) proliferation and apoptosis in chronic asthmatic mice.

Methods: A mouse model of chronic asthma was established.

Long noncoding RNA SNHG16 reduced ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons.

Background: Clinical evidence demonstrates that prolonged exposure to ketamine may cause irreversible injury to immature human brains. In this study, we utilized an in vitro model to examine the function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG16 in ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurons.

Methods: HESCs were induced toward neuronsin vitro, and treated with ketamine, at various concentrations, for 48 h.

Endotracheal catheter equipped with functional cuff produces clinically relevant positive end expiratory pressure: a bench study.

Recently, we developed a novel endotracheal catheter with functional cuff (ECFC). Using such an ECFC and a regular ICU ventilator, we were able to generate clinically relevant tidal volume in a lung model and adult human sized animal. This ECFC allows co-axial ventilation without using a jet ventilator.

Blocking Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chemotherapeutic Bortezomib.

Background/aims: Bortezomib (BTZ) is largely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. However, one of the significant limiting complications of BTZ is painful peripheral neuropathy during BTZ therapy. Drugs preventing and/or treating the painful symptoms induced by BTZ are lacking since the underlying mechanisms leading to neuropathic pain remain largely unclear.

MicroRNA-142 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells During Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats via the Inhibition of TGF-β -Dependent EGFR Signaling Pathway.

Background/aims: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation resulting from airway hyper-responsiveness to diverse stimuli. In this study, we investigated whether microRNA-142 (miR-142) expression affects proliferation and apoptosis in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) during airway remodeling in asthmatic rats.

Methods: Thirty six Wistar rats were randomly classified into a control group and an model group.

Propofol elicits autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium exchange in C2C12 myoblast cell line.

In this study, we investigated the relationship between propofol and autophagy and examined whether this relationship depends on ER stress, production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and disruption of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. To this end, we measured C2C12 cell apoptosis in vitro, along with Ca2+ levels; ROS production; and expression of proteins and genes associated with autophagy, Ca2+ homeostasis, and ER stress, including LC3 (microtubule-associate protein 1 light chain 3), p62, AMPK (adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase), phosphorylated AMPK, mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin), phosphorylated mTOR, CHOP (C/BEP homologous protein), and Grp78/Bip (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein). We found that propofol treatment induced autophagy, ER stress, and Ca2+ release.

Acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after neostigmine administration during the recovery period of general anesthesia: A case report.

Rationale: Acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ANPE) is a rare but challenging complication which occurs during the perioperative period, mainly before and after the extubation in the course of the recovery period of general anesthesia. It is characterized by increased fluid in extravascular pulmonary spaces, preventing gas exchange and further resulting in respiratory failure.

Patient Concerns: A 12-year-old boy who had undergone island skin flap in the right upper limb and who developed a unilateral pulmonary edema after the administration of neostigmine during the recovery period of general anesthesia.

Involvement of pro-inflammation signal pathway in inhibitory effects of rapamycin on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.

Background Oxaliplatin is a third-generation chemotherapeutic agent that is commonly used to treat metastatic digestive tumors; however, one of the main limiting complications of oxaliplatin is painful peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanisms by which mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its signal are responsible for oxaliplatin-evoked neuropathic pain. Methods Neuropathic pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of oxaliplatin in rats.

Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on the Risk of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy.

Background: Intraoperative use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has a protective effect in patients with acute lung injury and is recommended during anesthesia to minimize postoperative pulmonary complications. However, high levels of pressure might also cause harm to the lung because of overdistension. This retrospective study was designed to compare the effect of low and high levels of PEEP on the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with normal lung function who were undergoing an elective craniotomy.

The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and investigate its possible mechanisms mediated by HMGB1. In vivo, pulmonary pathology observation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were also examined to evaluate the protective effect of DEX in the lungs. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and lung tissues LPS-induced rats were detected.

Increased osteopontin protein expression may be correlated with poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer: A meta analysis.

Aim: The present meta-nalysis investigates the prognostic value of osteopontin. (OPN) expression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. (NSCLC).