Mitochondrial genome insights into the spatio-temporal distribution and genetic diversity of Rolfe (Orchidaceae).

Introduction: With its distinctive evolutionary rate and inheritance patterns separate from the nuclear genome, mitochondrial genome analysis has become a prominent focus of current research. Rolfe, a species of orchid with both medicinal and horticultural value, will benefit from the application of the fully assembled and annotated mitochondrial genome. This will aid in elucidating its phylogenetic relationships, comparative genomics, and population genetic diversity.

Single-cell profiling reveals altered immune landscape and impaired NK cell function in gastric cancer liver metastasis.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a substantial global health concern, and the development of liver metastasis (LM) in GC represents a critical stage linked to unfavorable patient prognoses. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the immune landscape of GC liver metastasis, revealing several immuno-suppressive components within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). Our findings unveiled an increased presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like macrophages, tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like macrophages, and naive T cells, while conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and effector CD8 T cells declined in LM.

Photoactivated Formation of an Extravascular Dynamic Hydrogel as an Intelligent Blood Flow Regulator to Reprogram the Immunogenic Landscape.

Long-term tumor starvation may be a potential strategy to elevate the antitumor immune response by depriving nutrients. However, combining long-term starvation therapy with immunotherapy often yields limited efficacy due to the blockage of immune cell migration pathways. Herein, an intelligent blood flow regulator (BFR) is first established through photoactivated formation of the extravascular dynamic hydrogel to compress blood vessels, which can induce long-term tumor starvation to elicit metabolic stress in tumor cells without affecting immune cell migration pathways.

Mitochondrial genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) based on whole mitogenomes.

Background: Mitochondrial genomes are essential for deciphering the unique evolutionary history of seed plants. However, the rules of their extreme variation in genomic size, multi-chromosomal structure, and foreign sequences remain unresolved in most plant lineages, which further hindered the application of mitogenomes in phylogenetic analyses.

Results: Here, we took Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) which shows the great divergence of morphology and difficulty in species taxonomy as the study focus.

d-Band Center of Rare Earth Oxides Determines Biotransformation-Induced Cell Membrane Damage.

Biotransformation of rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles on biological membranes may trigger a series of adverse health effects in biosystems. However, the physicochemical mechanism of the complicated biotransformation behavior remains elusive. By investigating the distinctly different biotransformation behavior of two typical REOs (GdO and CeO) on erythrocyte membranes, we demonstrate that dephosphorylation by stripping phosphate from phospholipids correlates highly with the membrane destructive effects of REOs.

Thioredoxin facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma stemness and metastasis by increasing BACH1 stability to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway.

Thioredoxin (TXN) is essential for preserving balance and controlling the intracellular redox state. Most studies have focused on the function of TXN in redox reactions, which is critical for tumor progression. Here, we showed that TXN promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stemness properties in a non-redox-dependent manner, which has rarely been reported in previous studies.

The climate changes promoted the chloroplast genomic evolution of Dendrobium orchids among multiple photosynthetic pathways.

Dendrobium orchids have multiple photosynthetic pathways, which can be used as a model system for studying the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). In this study, based on the results of the net photosynthetic rates (P), we classified Dendrobium species into three photosynthetic pathways, then employed and compared their chloroplast genomes. The Dendrobium chloroplast genomes have typical quartile structures, ranging from 150,841-153,038 bp.

Cytocompatibility of TiCT MXene with Red Blood Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and the Underlying Mechanisms.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility. Considering the high risk of exposure of the circulatory system to TiCT, we studied the cytocompatibility of TiCT MXene with red blood cells (RBCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and showed that TiCT had excellent compatibility with the two cell lines. TiCT at a concentration as high as 200 μg/mL caused a negligible percent hemolysis of 0.

Drug-related adverse events potentially predict the efficacy of apatinib on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide every year, and most HCC patients are diagnosed with advanced disease and can only receive systemic treatment. TKIs are the most important components of the systemic treatment of HCC and have both good efficacy and adverse events (AEs).  METHODS: This analysis included 207 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HCC who received oral treatment with apatinib.

Upregulation of CRABP2 by TET1-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation attenuates mitochondrial apoptosis and promotes oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer.

Oxaliplatin is the main chemotherapy drug for gastric cancer (GC), but quite a few patients are resistant to oxaliplatin, which contributes to the poor prognosis of GC patients. There is therefore an urgent need to identify potential targets for reversing chemotherapy resistance in GC patients. In this study, we analyzed the tumor samples of GC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on oxaliplatin through quantitative proteomics and identified the potential chemoresistance-related protein cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2).

Microwave Synthesized 2D WO Nanosheets for VOCs Gas Sensors.

As an n-type semiconductor material, tungsten oxide (WO) has good application prospects in the field of gas sensing. Herein, using oxalic acid (OA), citric acid (CA) and tartaric acid (TA) as auxiliary agents, three homogeneous tungsten oxide nanosheets were prepared by the rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The potential exhaled gases of various diseases were screened for the gas sensitivity test.

Size-changeable nanoprobes for the combined radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy of tumor.

Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are promising while challenging in treating tumors. The potential radiation resistance of tumor cells and side effects to healthy tissues restrict their clinical treatment efficacy. Effective delivery of therapeutic agents to the deep tumor tissues would be available for tumor-accurate therapy and promising for the tumor therapy.

Vortex signal model based Kalman filter of vortex signal processing method.

To improve the performance of the vortex flowmeter, a vortex signal model based Kalman filter of the vortex signal processing method is proposed. According to the characteristics of the vortex signal, a linear vortex signal model is designed. Combining the fuzzy search and iterative algorithm, the Kalman filter algorithm is improved by analyzing the principle and key parameters of the Kalman filter algorithm.

Improving large-scale biomass and total alkaloid production of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. using a temporary immersion bioreactor system and MeJA elicitation.

Background: Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is an important pharmacopeial plant with medicinal and ornamental value. This study sought to provide a technical means for the large-scale production of total alkaloid in D.

Biodegradable Metal-Organic-Framework-Gated Organosilica for Tumor-Microenvironment-Unlocked Glutathione-Depletion-Enhanced Synergistic Therapy.

The clinical employment of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)) is largely constrained due to the non-specific delivery and resultant serious systemic toxicity. Small-sized biocompatible and biodegradable hollow mesoporous organosilica (HMOS) nanoparticles show superior advantages for targeted CDDP delivery but suffer from premature CDDP leakage. Herein, the smart use of a bimetallic Zn /Cu co-doped metal-organic framework (MOF) is made to block the pores of HMOS for preventing potential leakage of CDDP and remarkably increasing the loading capacity of HMOS.

The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Predicts the Prognosis of Unresectable Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Apatinib.

Purpose: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who might benefit most from anti-angiogenesis therapy remain unknown. In recent years, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an indicator of inflammatory response, has received particular attention in HCC. Herein, we explored the prognostic value of pre-treatment NLR in individuals with unresectable intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with apatinib, a second-line angiogenesis inhibitor.

The chromosome-level reference genome assembly for and its utility of functional genomics research and molecular breeding study.

, an important medicinal plant of the genus in Orchidaceae family, has been used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for nearly thousands of years. Here, we report the first chromosome-level reference genome of . , based on PacBio long-reads, Illumina short-reads and Hi-C data.

Boron nitride nanosheets elicit significant hemolytic activity via destruction of red blood cell membranes.

Boron nitride (BN) nanosheets have emerged as promising nanomaterials in a wide range of biomedical applications. Despite extensive studies on these bio-nano interfacial systems, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we used hemolysis assays and morphology observations to demonstrate for the first time that BN nanosheets can cause damages to the red-blood-cell membranes, leading to significant hemolysis.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have adverse effects in anti-angiogenesis therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

At present, anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) are widely used in the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or other types of cancer, and have achieved good anti-cancer effect, whereas treatment-related proteinuria can affect the routine use of AADs, which in turn abates the overall efficacy. Currently, most clinicians prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) to alleviate proteinuria according to diabetic nephropathy guidelines or expert recommendations. However, the efficacy of ACEIs in reducing AAD-related proteinuria and its effect on the anticancer effect of AADs is unknown.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of a Chinese endemic plant Rolfe (Orchidaceae).

Rolfe is a rare and endangered species endemic to China, with great medicinal value. Here, the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of . was reported and characterized.

Apatinib as first-line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase II clinical trial.

Background: The prognosis for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains clinically unsatisfying. Apatinib has proven to be a very effective treatment for advanced HCC in our previous retrospective study. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and toxicity of apatinib in patients with advanced HCC.

Resection of "down-staged" advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment with the VEGFR2 inhibitor apatinib: five cases report.

Sorafenib and lenvatinib are currently standard treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the therapeutic effect is unsatisfying. Indeed, very few patients with HCC under sorafenib treatment were eligible for surgery in the past ten years. In addition, there is no report of a patient with the opportunity to undergo radical resection after treatment with lenvatinib.

Radioiodinated Persistent Luminescence Nanoplatform for Radiation-Induced Photodynamic Therapy and Radiotherapy.

Radionuclide with Cerenkov radiation (CR) can serve as an internal excitation source to activate photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep tumor. However, the low efficiency of CR limits its therapeutic efficacy. A I labeled zinc tetra(4-carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyaninate (ZnPcC4) conjugated Cr -doped zinc gallate (ZnGa O :Cr , ZGCs) nanoplatform ( I-ZGCs-ZnPcC4) is developed for radiotherapy (RT) and radiation-induced PDT.

A comparative plastomics approach reveals available molecular markers for the phylogeographic study of , an endangered orchid with extremely small populations.

Comparative plastomics approaches have been used to identify available molecular markers for different taxonomic level studies of orchid species. However, the adoption of such methods has been largely limited in phylogeographic studies. Therefore, in this study, , an endangered species with extremely small populations, was used as a model system to test whether the comparative plastomic approaches could screen available molecular markers for the phylogeographic study.

In Vivo Repeatedly Activated Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles by Radiopharmaceuticals for Long-Lasting Tumor Optical Imaging.

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with rechargeable near-infrared afterglow properties attract much attention for tumor diagnosis in living animals since they can avoid tissue autofluorescence and greatly improve the signal-to-background ratio. Using UV, visible light, or X-ray as excitation sources to power up persistent luminescence (PL) faces the challenges such as limited tissue penetration, inefficient charging capability, or tissue damage caused by irradiation. Here, it is proved that radiopharmaceuticals can efficiently excite ZnGa O :Cr nanoparticles (ZGCs) for both fluorescence and afterglow luminescence via Cerenkov resonance energy transfer as well as ionizing radiation.