Structural Design and Simulation of Multi-Detector Same-Platform Laser Gyro Reflector Substrate Defect Detection Prototype.

Defect detection and classification in super-high reflector mirrors and their substrates are crucial for manufacturing laser gyroscope systems. This paper presents a prototype designed to meet the requirements for the reflection and transmission of laser gyroscope mirror substrates. The prototype featured two measurement channels (bright field and dark field) and could detect defects on patterned and unpatterned surfaces.

Effect of Waste Glass Powder and Bamboo Fiber on the Physico-Mechanical Properties and High-Temperature Behavior of a Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer.

This study investigated the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers containing waste glass powder (WGP) and bamboo fiber (BF) after exposure to ambient and high temperatures. Precursor replacement of fly ash by WGP at 2.5, 5, 7.

Inter-Skeleton Conductive Routes Tuning Multifunctional Conductive Foam for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Sensing and Thermal Management.

Conductive polymer foam (CPF) with excellent compressibility and variable resistance has promising applications in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and other integrated functions for wearable electronics. However, its insufficient change amplitude of resistance with compressive strain generally leads to a degradation of shielding performance during deformation. Here, an innovative loading strategy of conductive materials on polymer foam is proposed to significantly increase the contact probability and contact area of conductive components under compression.

A mathematical multiple-dimensional strategy for Q-markers identification based on "five principles": Tianshu Capsule for migraine treatment as an example.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Quality control is a critical element for Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Due to the varied chemical components, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological functions in TCM, ensuring quality is more challenging compared to chemical drugs. Then, the concept of quality markers (Q-markers) was proposed and ideal Q-markers for TCM prescriptions need to compliant with "five principles", including pharmacological effectiveness, specificity, transfer and traceability, measurability, and prescription compatibility.

Antiviral Activity of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus In Vitro and In Vivo.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), also known as the Dabie Banda virus, is an emerging tick-borne Bunyavirus that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Currently, symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy with ribavirin and favipiravir are used in clinical management. However, their therapeutical efficacy is hardly satisfactory in patients with high viral load.

Training-free CryoET Tomogram Segmentation.

Cryogenic Electron Tomography (CryoET) is a useful imaging technology in structural biology that is hindered by its need for manual annotations, especially in particle picking. Recent works have endeavored to remedy this issue with few-shot learning or contrastive learning techniques. However, supervised training is still inevitable for them.

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel attenuates Zika virus infection.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may lead to severe neurological consequences, including seizures, and early infancy death. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. TRPC channels play an important role in regulating nervous system excitability and are implicated in seizure development.

S-glutathionylation in hepatocytes is involved in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, an effect alleviated by NAC.

Arsenic, a toxicant widely distributed in the environment, is considered as a risk factor for liver fibrosis. At present, the underlying mechanism still needs to be explored. In the present study, we found that, for mice, chronic exposure to arsenic induced liver fibrosis, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The response of gut microbiota to arsenic metabolism is involved in arsenic-induced liver injury, which is influenced by the interaction between arsenic and methionine synthase.

The drivers of changes in gut microbiota under arsenic exposure and the mechanism by which microbiota affect arsenic metabolism are still unclear. Here, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0, 5, or 10 ppm NaAsO in drinking water for 6 months. The results showed that arsenic exposure induced liver injury and increased the abundance of folic acid (FA)/vitamin B12 (VB)- and butyrate-synthesizing microbiota.

Extreme condition-tolerant stretchable flexible supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerator based on carrageenan-enhanced gel for energy storage, energy collection and self-powered sensing.

As flexible electronics devices for energy storage, mechanical energy collection and self-powered sensing, stretchable flexible supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) have attracted extensive attention. However, it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high safety and resistance to extreme conditions. Dual roles of mechanical and electrical enhancement of inorganic salt are put forward, and a carrageenan (CG) enhanced poly (N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)/CG/lithium chloride/glycerol (PCLG) conductive gel is prepared by designing hydrogen bonding self-crosslinking and chain entanglement.

Decreased Ubiquitination and Acetylation of Histones 3 and 4 Are Associated with Obesity-Induced Disorders of Spermatogenesis in Mice.

Background: Obesity, a chronic metabolic disorder, is related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and reproductive disorders. The relationship between obesity and male infertility is now well recognized, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We aimed to observe the effect of obesity on spermatogenesis and to investigate the role of histone ubiquitination and acetylation modifications in obesity-induced spermatogenesis disorders.

[Enhancing the glycerol utilization of engineered yeast increases its bisabolene production].

Bisabolene is a compound commonly found in essential oils of various plants. It has a broad application in sectors such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and health-care products. This study focuses on modifying the glycerol metabolism pathway to obtain a high bisabolene-producing strain of .

Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Rare Off-Target Mutations in -Edited Pigs Generated by Using CRISPR-Cas9 and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has been widely used to create animal models for biomedical and agricultural use owing to its low cost and easy handling. However, the occurrence of erroneous cleavage (off-targeting) may raise certain concerns for the practical application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In this study, we created a melanocortin 1 receptor ()-edited pig model through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) by using porcine kidney cells modified by the CRISPR-Cas9 system.

Sleep architecture and the incidence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: A community-based study.

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and three stages of non-REM (NREM) sleep comprise the full sleep cycle. The changes in sleep have been linked to depression risk. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep architecture and depressive symptoms.

Single-crystal ZrCo nanoparticle for advanced hydrogen and H-isotope storage.

Hydrogen-isotope storage materials are essential for the controlled nuclear fusion. However, the currently used smelting-ZrCo alloy suffers from rapid degradation of performance due to severe disproportionation. Here, we reveal a defect-derived disproportionation mechanism and report a nano-single-crystal strategy to solve ZrCo's problems.

Enhanced performance of BiI-incorporated CsPbBr solar cells.

CsPbBr all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively investigated due to their remarkable stability. However, their limited film quality and wide bandgap result in a low photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, BiI was incorporated into CsPbBr films to synergistically enhance light absorption and film quality.

The pig pangenome provides insights into the roles of coding structural variations in genetic diversity and adaptation.

Structural variations have emerged as an important driving force for genome evolution and phenotypic variation in various organisms, yet their contributions to genetic diversity and adaptation in domesticated animals remain largely unknown. Here we constructed a pangenome based on 250 sequenced individuals from 32 pig breeds in Eurasia and systematically characterized coding sequence presence/absence variations (PAVs) within pigs. We identified 308.

Conformal sphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer located below the dentate line: A pilot report.

Aim: Sphincter-sparing surgery can be achieved in most cases of low rectal cancer with the development of intersphincteric resection. However, abdominoperineal resection is still inevitable for patients with tumours located below the dentate line. To address this, we have developed a procedure called conformal sphincteric resection (CSR) in which the corresponding part of the subcutaneous portion of the external anal sphincter and the perianal skin on the tumour side is removed to achieve a safe distal resection margin and lateral resection margin while the dentate line and the internal anal sphincter on the tumour-free side are preserved as much as possible, to achieve sphincter preservation without compromising oncological safety and functional acceptability, and to render tumour location no longer a contraindication for sphincter-sparing surgery.

Research Progress on the Structural and Functional Roles of hnRNPs in Muscle Development.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a superfamily of RNA-binding proteins consisting of more than 20 members. These proteins play a crucial role in various biological processes by regulating RNA splicing, transcription, and translation through their binding to RNA. In the context of muscle development and regeneration, hnRNPs are involved in a wide range of regulatory mechanisms, including alternative splicing, transcription regulation, miRNA regulation, and mRNA stability regulation.

Extreme rainstorm reshuffles the spatial distribution of heavy metals and pollution risk in sediments along the mangrove tidal flat.

Mangroves as typical blue carbon ecosystems exhibit a high level of heavy metal accumulation capability. In this study, we investigated how extreme rainstorm effects the spatial variability and pollution risk of sediment heavy metals (i.e.

Construction and validation of a prognostic nomogram for locally recurrent rectal cancer: a population-based study.

Background: Postoperative recurrence was a life-threatening condition for patients with rectal cancer. Due to the heterogeneity of locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) and controversy of the optimal treatment for patients, it was difficult to predict the prognosis of LRRC. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram that could accurately predict the survival probability of LRRC.

Joint Answering and Explanation for Visual Commonsense Reasoning.

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR), deemed as one challenging extension of Visual Question Answering (VQA), endeavors to pursue a higher-level visual comprehension. VCR includes two complementary processes: question answering over a given image and rationale inference for answering explanation. Over the years, a variety of VCR methods have pushed more advancements on the benchmark dataset.

Colourful phase change material-incorporated flexible film for efficient passive radiative cooling.

Passive radiative cooling involves the emission of thermal radiation into cold space and the reflection of solar radiation, which aims to cool and lower the temperature of objects. However, currently most radiative coolers have a white appearance which restricts their potential applications. We develop a coloured bilayer radiative cooling membrane using polyvinylidene fluoride/tetraethoxysilane (PVDF/TEOS) fibres, with incorporation of phase change materials (PCMs) and active dyes through a simple and large-area electrospinning process.

[Research on mild cognitive impairment diagnosis based on Bayesian optimized long-short-term neural network model].

The recurrent neural network architecture improves the processing ability of time-series data. However, issues such as exploding gradients and poor feature extraction limit its application in the automatic diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This paper proposed a research approach for building an MCI diagnostic model using a Bayesian-optimized bidirectional long short-term memory network (BO-BiLSTM) to address this problem.