Optical enhancement mode 2 improves the detection rate of gastric neoplastic lesion in high-risk populations: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical study.

Objectives: Detection of early neoplastic lesions is crucial for improving the survival rates of patients with gastric cancer. Optical enhancement mode 2 is a new image-enhanced endoscopic technique that offers bright images and can improve the visibility of neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to compare the detection of neoplastic lesions with optical enhancement mode 2 and white-light imaging (WLI) in a high-risk population.

The lncRNA MIR99AHG directs alternative splicing of by PTBP1 to enable invadopodia formation in colorectal cancer cells.

Alternative splicing regulates gene expression and functional diversity and is often dysregulated in human cancers. Here, we discovered that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIR99AHG regulated alternative splicing to alter the activity of a chromatin remodeler and promote metastatic behaviors in colorectal cancer (CRC). MIR99AHG was abundant in invasive CRC cells and metastatic tumors from patients and promoted motility and invasion in cultured CRC cells.

The roles of PDGFRα signaling in the postnatal development and functional maintenance of the SMC-ICC-PDGFRα+ cell (SIP) syncytium in the colon.

Background: The SIP syncytium in the gut consists of smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and PDGFRα+ cells. We studied the fate of SIP cells after blocking PDGFRα receptor to explore the roles of PDGFRα signaling in the postnatal development and functional maintenance of the SIP syncytium.

Methods: Crenolanib was administered to mice from P0, P10, or P50.

Deletion of Nrf2 leads to hepatic insulin resistance via the activation of NF-κB in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the development and progression of NAFLD. Nuclear erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) has previously been reported to be a novel regulator in NAFLD.

CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation regulates p27Kip1 stability in gastric cancer cells.

Aim: To investigate the mechanism of calcyclin binding protein/Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) nuclear translocation in promoting the proliferation of gastric cancer (GC) cells.

Methods: The effect of CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation on cell cycle was investigated by cell cycle analysis. Western blot analysis was used to assess the change in expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and proteasome-mediated degradation of p27Kip1.

Curcumin upregulates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects rat hepatic stellate cells against oxidative stress.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of curcumin against oxidative stress in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-T6, and to determine the possible underlying mechanisms. HSC-T6 cells were divided into three groups: Negative control group, oxidant-treated group and curcumin-treated group. Flow cytometry and spectrophotometry were used to measure the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH).

Combined Therapy with Rheum tanguticum Polysaccharide and Low-dose 5-ASA Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats by Suppression of NF-κB.

The most common conventional therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as 5-amino salicylic acid. However, a high dose of 5-amino salicylic acid may bring about severe side effects. Chinese people have used Rheum tanguticum as a folk remedy for gastrointestinal disease for two thousand years.

Nuclear factor-kappa B1 is associated with gastric cancer in a Chinese population.

Activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, such as gastric cancer (GC). Genetic polymorphisms in the genomic region containing nuclear factor-κB1 (NFKB1) have a plausible role in modulating the risk of GC. To identify markers contributing to the genetic susceptibility to GC, we analyzed 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs28362491, rs3774932, rs1598856, rs230531, rs230530, rs230528, rs230521, rs230498, rs230539, rs1005819, rs3774956, rs4648055, rs3774964, rs4648068, and rs3774968) in the genomic region containing NFKB1.

CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation induced by gastrin promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation.

Aim: To investigate the role of nuclear translocation of calcyclin binding protein, also called Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP), in gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods: The expression of CacyBP/SIP protein in gastric cancer cell lines was detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence experiments were performed on gastric cancer cell lines that had been either unstimulated or stimulated with gastrin.

Antitumor activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha intestinalis targeted against hepatoma through mitochondrial pathway.

A sulfated polysaccharide (EI-SP), extracted from Enteromorpha intestinalis that is a kind of algae, is found to have anticancer activity. This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of EI-SP on human hepatoma HepG2 cell line and its possible mechanisms. An MTT assay showed that EI-SP could specifically inhibit the growth of human hepatoma HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Thioredoxin-like protein 2 is overexpressed in colon cancer and promotes cancer cell metastasis by interaction with ran.

Aims: Our previous work identified thioredoxin-like protein 2 (Txl-2) as the target of the monoclonal antibody MC3 associated with colon cancer, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Txl-2, a novel thioredoxin (Trx) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase family member, is alternatively spliced and gives rise to three different Txl-2 isoforms. In this study, Txl-2 expression in colon cancer, differential functions for Txl-2 isoforms in cell invasion and metastasis, and the downstream signaling were investigated.

Curcumin attenuates insulin resistance in hepatocytes by inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation.

Background/aims: NF-E2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the cellular protection against oxidative stress. Curcumin has been reported to induce Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulate the expression of numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying and antioxidant genes in hepatocytes. This study was designed to investigate whether curcumin-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation could reduce ROS-mediated insulin resistance in cultured LO2 hepatocytes.

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is a tumor suppressor of human gastric cancer.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the key enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, is often over-expressed in human gastric cancer. Recently, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD+] (15-PGDH), the key enzyme in prostaglandin degradation, was found to be down-regulated in human gastric cancer tissues, but little is known about its role in gastric tumorigenesis. In this study, expression plasmids containing 15-PGDH siRNA were constructed and transfected into the gastric cancer cell line MKN45, which expresses endogenous 15-PGDH at a high level.

Identification of the primary targets of carbamylation in bovine lens proteins by mass spectrometry.

Purpose: Carbamylation, an important post-translational modification of proteins, inevitably causes conformational changes of lens proteins. It may increase aggregation between crystallin molecules and disrupt the close packing required for transparency thus leading to cataract. The aim of this study was to isolate the primary targets of carbamylation in the lens and identify them by mass spectrometry.

Identification of TRAK1 (Trafficking protein, kinesin-binding 1) as MGb2-Ag: a novel cancer biomarker.

The present study aimed to describe the characterization of an antibody MGb2 that reacts with an epitope on gastric cancer cells, and identification of MGb2 antigen (MGb2-Ag). Immunostaining revealed its distribution in human tissues and demonstrated that the positive rate of MGb2-Ag was 81.48% in gastric cancer, 100% in gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma, 13.

Identification and distribution of thioredoxin-like 2 as the antigen for the monoclonal antibody MC3 specific to colorectal cancer.

MC3 is a colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific mAb previously prepared in our laboratory that can detect CRC with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the target antigen for MC3 had not been identified due to technological limitations. In the present study, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry revealed the expression patterns of MC3 antigen (MC3-Ag) in colon cancer cell lines and CRC tissues.

Effects of essential oil from Croton tiglium L. on intestinal transit in mice.

Aim Of The Study: Croton tiglium (Croton tiglium L., Euphorbiaceae) is widely used as a herb for treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances. Previous studies established its purgative and inflammational properties.

Identification of triosephosphate isomerase as an anti-drug resistance agent in human gastric cancer cells using functional proteomic analysis.

Aims: Proteomic study was used to explore new multidrug resistance (MDR)-related proteins and clarify novel mechanism of MDR in gastric cancer.

Methods: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the PDQuest software analysis were applied to compare the differential expression of MDR-related proteins in gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and drug-resistant SGC7901 cells (SGC7901/VCR) induced by vincristine sulfate (VCR). The differential protein dots were excised and further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF-MS).

Expression of 15-PGDH is downregulated by COX-2 in gastric cancer.

To explore the proteins regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric cancer, the expression plasmid of COX-2siRNA was constructed and transfected into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Then, two-dimensional electrophoresis and the PDQuest software analysis were applied to discover the differentially expressed proteins. The differential protein spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.

Differential expression of calcium-related genes in gastric cancer cells transfected with cellular prion protein.

The prion protein (PrPC) has a primary role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, which causes prion disorders partially due to Ca2+ dysregulation. In our previous work, we found that overexpressed PrPC in gastric cancer was involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metastasis of gastric cancer. To better understand how PrPC acts in gastric cancer, a human microarray was performed to select differentially regulated genes that correlate with the biological function of PrPC.

[Intraoperative and postoperative intra-peritoneal administration of peptide PIII inhibits peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the preventive potential of intraoperative or early postoperative local administration of peptide PIII into the abdominal cavity against peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Methods: Human gastric cancer cells of the line GC9811 were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice to cause subcutaneous carcinoma. The 8th generation cancer was taken out to isolate the cancer cells to be inoculated into the serous membrane at the greater curvature of the stomach.

Effect of explosive noise on gastrointestinal transit and plasma levels of polypeptide hormones.

Aim: To investigate the effect of firing noise on gastrointestinal transit and probe its mechanism by measuring the levels of plasma polypeptide hormones.

Methods: A total of 64 SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and three stimulating groups. Firing noise of different intensity by sub-machine guns was used as inflicting factor.