NcPTP2, a polar tube protein, interacts with spore wall protein in the parasitic microsporidian Nosema ceranae.

Background: Microsporidia is an obligate intracellular eukaryote, which is capable of parasitizing vertebrates and invertebrates. Nosema ceranae, which can infect both Apis mellifera and Apis cerana, poses a serious threat and causes heavy losses to the worldwide apiculture. During infection, polar tube, a highly specialized invasion structure, ejected from the spore to deliver the sporoplasm into host cells to cause infection.

Imidacloprid disrupts larval molting regulation and nutrient energy metabolism, causing developmental delay in honey bee .

Imidacloprid is a global health threat that severely poisons the economically and ecologically important honeybee pollinator, . However, its effects on developing bee larvae remain largely unexplored. Our pilot study showed that imidacloprid causes developmental delay in bee larvae, but the underlying toxicological mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Can Regional Eco-Efficiency Forecast the Changes in Local Public Health: Evidence Based on Statistical Learning in China.

Regional eco-efficiency affects local public health through intermediaries such as economic and environmental impacts. Considering multiple factors, the implicit and uncertain relationship with regional characteristics, and the limited data availability, this paper investigated the forecasting of changes in local public health-including the number of visits to hospitals (VTH), outpatients with emergency treatment (OWET), number of inpatients (NI), number of health examinations (NOHE), and patients discharged (PD)-using calculated regional eco-efficiency with the Least Square-Support Vector Machine-Forecasting Model and acquired empirical evidence, utilizing the province-level data in China. Results: (1) regional eco-efficiency is a good predictor in both a single and multi-factor situation; (2) the prediction accuracy for five dimensions of the changes in local public health was relatively high, and the volatility was lower and more stable throughout the whole forecasting period; and (3) regional heterogeneity, denoted by three economic and demographic factors and three medical supply and technical level factors, improved the forecasting performance.

Quantitative Impact Analysis of Climate Change on Residents' Health Conditions with Improving Eco-Efficiency in China: A Machine Learning Perspective.

Climate change affects public health, and improving eco-efficiency means reducing the various pollutants that are the result of economic activities. This study provided empirical evidence of the quantitative impact analysis of climate change on the health conditions of residents across China due to improvements that have been made to eco-efficiency. First, the indicators that were collected present adequate graphical trends and regional differences with a priori evidence about their relationships to each other; second, the present study applied Sensitivity Evaluation with Support Vector Machines (SE-SVM) to Chinese provincial panel data, taking the Visits to Hospitals, Outpatients with Emergency Treatment, and Number of Inpatients as proxy variables for the health conditions of the residents in each area and temperature, humidity, precipitation, and sunshine as the climate change variables, simultaneously incorporating the calculated eco-efficiency with six controlling indicators; third, we compared in-sample forecasting to acquire the optimal model in order to conduct elasticity analysis.

Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Differences in Sphingolipids Metabolic Pathway between Healthy and Chinese Sacbrood Disease.

Chinese sacbrood disease (CSD), which is caused by Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV), is a major viral disease in larvae. Analysis of lipid composition is critical to the study of CSBV replication. The host lipidome profiling during CSBV infection has not been conducted.

Isolation of protein-free chitin spore coats of Nosema ceranae and its application to screen the interactive spore wall proteins.

Nosema ceranae is the pathogen of nosemosis in the honey bee, which can bring great economic loss to apiculture. Chitin acts as a major component of the endospore of microsporidia and plays an essential role to form the bridges across the endospore. Here, Chitin Spore Coats (CSCs) of N.

Genomic analysis of Asian honeybee populations in China reveals evolutionary relationships and adaptation to abiotic stress.

The geographic and biological diversity of China has resulted in the differential adaptation of the eastern honeybee, , to these varied habitats. were collected from 14 locations in China. Their genomes were sequenced, and nucleotide polymorphisms were identified at more than 9 million sites.

Niclosamide inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in injured rat carotid arteries.

Background And Purpose: The anti-helminthic drug niclosamide regulates multiple cellular signals including STAT3, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt, Wnt/β-catenin and mitochondrial uncoupling which are involved in neointimal hyperplasia. Here we have examined the effects of niclosamide on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and neointimal hyperplasia and assessed the potential mechanisms.

Experimental Approach: Cell migration was measured by using wound-induced migration assay and Boyden chamber assay.

Invertebrate host responses to microsporidia infections.

Microsporidia are a group of fungi-like intracellular and unicellular parasites, which infect nearly all animals. As "master parasites", over 1400 microsporidian species have been described to date. Microsporidia infections in economical invertebrates (e.

Comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the Bombyx mori fat body during the microsporidia Nosema bombycis infection.

Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasite, which can cause pébrine disease. To investigate the effects of N. bombycis infection, 5th-instar silkworms were challenged with N.

Design, synthesis and characterization of poly (methacrylic acid-niclosamide) and its effect on arterial function.

We have found that niclosamide induced relaxation of constricted artery. However, niclosamide is insoluble, the low bioavailability and the resultant low plasma concentration limit its potential exertion in vivo. The aim of the present study is to synthesize a soluble poly (methacrylic acid-niclosamide) polymer (PMAN) and study the effects of PMAN on arterial function in vitro and the blood pressure and heart rate of rats in vivo.

Azo polymeric micelles designed for colon-targeted dimethyl fumarate delivery for colon cancer therapy.

Unlabelled: Colon-targeted drug delivery and circumventing drug resistance are extremely important for colon cancer chemotherapy. Our previous work found that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), the approved drug by the FDA for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, exhibited anti-tumor activity on colon cancer cells. Based on the pharmacological properties of DMF and azo bond in olsalazine chemical structure, we designed azo polymeric micelles for colon-targeted dimethyl fumarate delivery for colon cancer therapy.

Bacterium-Expressed dsRNA Downregulates Microsporidia Nosema bombycis Gene Expression.

The microsporidia Nosema bombycis is the insect pathogen of pebrine disease severely destructive to sericulture production. Here, we describe the use of Escherichia coli HT115 strain (DE3) to express double-strand RNAs targeting the gene encoding ADP/ATP protein in N. bombycis.

Comparative proteomic analysis of silkworm fat body after knocking out fibroin heavy chain gene: a novel insight into cross-talk between tissues.

Cross-talk between tissues plays key roles in development of organisms; however, there are few researches on cross-talk between tissues in insects. Our previous studies showed that the pupal body weight was elevated after knocking out the fibroin heavy chain gene (BmFib-H), whereas the gene specifically expressed in silk glands of silkworm. Hence, the mutant is a good material for studying the cross-talk between tissues.

Interaction and assembly of two novel proteins in the spore wall of the microsporidian species Nosema bombycis and their roles in adherence to and infection of host cells.

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures. Despite an extensive description of the spore wall, little is known regarding the mechanism by which it is deposited or the role it plays in cell adhesion and infection. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of two novel spore wall proteins, SWP7 and SWP9, in the microsporidian species Nosema bombycis.

Genome-wide transcriptional response of silkworm (Bombyx mori) to infection by the microsporidian Nosema bombycis.

Microsporidia have attracted much attention because they infect a variety of species ranging from protists to mammals, including immunocompromised patients with AIDS or cancer. Aside from the study on Nosema ceranae, few works have focused on elucidating the mechanism in host response to microsporidia infection. Nosema bombycis is a pathogen of silkworm pébrine that causes great economic losses to the silkworm industry.

Identification of a novel chitin-binding spore wall protein (NbSWP12) with a BAR-2 domain from Nosema bombycis (microsporidia).

The spore wall of Nosema bombycis plays an important role in microsporidian pathogenesis. Protein fractions from germinated spore coats were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Three protein spots were identified as the hypothetical spore wall protein NbHSWP12.