Changes of CD8CD28 Tregs and Gamma-Delta-T-cells in a Neonate with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Report.

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can lead to a range of adverse outcomes. The majority of cCMV neonates with clinical symptoms are infected postnatally; however, established cases of intrauterine infection are uncommon, resulting in a paucity of reports on clinical findings and lymphocytes expression in CMV-infected neonates.

Case Presentation: We followed a neonate with cCMV infection from the onset of hospitalization to several months of follow-up.

Higher ETCOc predicts longer phototherapy treatment in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of end-tidal carbon monoxide corrected to ambient carbon monoxide (ETCOc) values phototherapy in neonates with significant hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on neonates with significant hyperbilirubinemia who received phototherapy between 3 and 7 days of life. The breath ETCOc and serum total bilirubin of the recruited infants were measured on admission.

Comparisons of care practices for very preterm infants and their short-term outcomes in two tertiary centers in northwest and south China: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Care practices for very preterm infants and the mortality and morbidity of the infants vary widely among countries and regions with different levels of economic development, including the different areas in China. We aimed to compare the obstetric and delivery room practices of two representative tertiary newborn centers in the northwestern and southern regions of China and the mortality and morbidity of their very preterm infants.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.

MCIBI++: Soft Mining Contextual Information Beyond Image for Semantic Segmentation.

Co-occurrent visual pattern makes context aggregation become an essential paradigm for semantic segmentation. The existing studies focus on modeling the contexts within image while neglecting the valuable semantics of the corresponding category beyond image. To this end, we propose a novel soft mining contextual information beyond image paradigm named MCIBI++ to further boost the pixel-level representations.

Prediction Models for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To provide an overview and critical appraisal of prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies (up to November 2021). We included studies that reported prediction model development and/or validation of BPD in preterm infants born at ≤32 weeks and/or ≤1,500 g birth weight.

SAFNet: A Semi-anchor-free Network with Enhanced Feature Pyramid for Object Detection.

In recent years, the field of object detection has made significant progress. The success of most of the state-of-the-art object detectors is derived from the use of feature pyramid and the carefully designed anchor boxes. However, the current methods of constructing feature pyramid usually blindly integrate multi-scale representations on each feature hierarchy.

A novel TLR7 agonist as adjuvant to stimulate high quality HBsAg-specific immune responses in an HBV mouse model.

Background: The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in terms of morbidity and mortality is immense. Novel treatments that can induce a protective immune response are urgently needed to effectively control the HBV epidemic and eventually eradicate chronic HBV infection.

Methods: We designed and evaluated an HBV therapeutic vaccine consisting of a novel Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist T7-EA, an Alum adjuvant and a recombinant HBsAg protein.

Perinatal Antibiotic Exposure Affects the Transmission between Maternal and Neonatal Microbiota and Is Associated with Early-Onset Sepsis.

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of infection to a mother and neonate, but antibiotic-mediated maternal and neonatal microbiota dysbiosis increases other health risks to newborn infants. We studied the impact of perinatal antibiotic prophylaxis on the microbiota in mothers and newborns with full-term or preterm delivery. Ninety-eight pregnant women and their neonates were divided into the following four groups: full term without antibiotic exposure (FT), full term with antibiotic exposure (FTA), preterm without antibiotic exposure (PT), and preterm with antibiotic exposure (PTA).

Suppressive effects of sunitinib on a TLR activation-induced cytokine storm.

The cytokine storm includes a clinically heterogeneous set of life-threatening conditions that are manifested by extremely elevated serum cytokine levels and related symptoms (e.g., septic shock) and is devilishly mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in most situations.

Combining thioridazine and loratadine for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumor.

In 2015, the American Society of Clinical Oncology announced that strategies of using combination therapies have been indicated to be effective against many types of cancer. In the present study, thioridazine (THZ) was used in a combination therapy with loratadine (LOR) to target gastrointestinal tumor, with the aim of investigating whether combined therapy was superior to monotherapy in its antitumor effects. The antiproliferative effects on CT26.

Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Effects of a Novel TLR7 Agonist Combined with Lapatinib.

As new treatment approaches, both immunotherapy and targeted treatments have been used in the clinical treatment of cancers. These therapies are different from traditional surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Use of a combination of immunotherapy and targeted treatments may improve tumor clearance.

Ethacrynic acid improves the antitumor effects of irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer.

Prolonged treatment of breast cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often results in acquired resistance and a narrow therapeutic index. One strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of EGFR TKIs is to combine them with drugs used for other clinical indications. Ethacrynic acid (EA) is an FDA approved drug that may have antitumor effects and may enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents by binding to glutathione and inhibiting WNT signaling.

[Combination of TLR7 agonist T7-ethacrynic acid conjugate with ROR1 has a stronger anti-breast cancer effect].

Objective To investigate the synergistic anti-breast cancer effect of Toll-like receptor 7 agonist T7-ethacrynic acid conjugate (T7-EA) in combination with receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). Methods ROR1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope was predicted using Syfpeithi online software. Mouse spleen lymphocytes and bone marrow dendritic cells (DCs) were separately stimulated with 4 μmol/L T7-EA and 4 μmol/L ROR1 alone or in combination.

Antitumor activity of a novel small molecule TLR7 agonist via immune response induction and tumor microenvironment modulation.

Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful and active tumor-specific approach against cancer via triggering the immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental elements of the immune system, which facilitate our understanding of the innate and adaptive immune pathways. TLR agonists used as single agents can effectively eradicate tumors due to their potent stimulation of innate and adaptive immunity.