Phytochemicals, Two New Sulphur Glycosides and Two New Natural Products, from Shepherd's Purse Seed and Their Activities.

Two new sulfur glycosides, bursapastoris A-B (-), were extracted and isolated from shepherd's purse seed, along with two new natural products, 11-(methylsulfinyl)undecanoic acid () and 10-(methylsulfinyl)decanoic acid (). Their structures were determined though infrared spectroscopy, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (H and C), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Additionally, the structures of - were further identified by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (HMBC, HSQC, H-H COSY, and NOESY).

Identification and Prediction of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs Associated with Detoxification Pathways in Larvae of .

poses a severe threat to crops, causing substantial economic losses. The increased use of chemical pesticides has led to resistance in populations. Micro ribonucleic acids (MicroRNAs or miRNAs) are pivotal in insect growth and development.

Phytochemical Constituents from the Seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris and Their Antioxidant Activities.

Phytochemical investigation of 70% EtOH extract of the seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris led to the isolation of a new cyclobutane organic acid (1), and fourteen known compounds, including two organosulfur compounds (2, 3), two quinonoids (4, 5), five flavonoids (6-10), three sterols (11-13) and two other types (14, 15). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses as well as comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The antioxidant capacities of all compounds and extractive fractions were evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging test and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.

Dissection of a rapidly evolving wheat resistance gene cluster by long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning of Pm69.

Gene cloning in repeat-rich polyploid genomes remains challenging. Here, we describe a strategy for overcoming major bottlenecks in cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene (R-gene) Pm69 derived from tetraploid wild emmer wheat. A conventional positional cloning approach was not effective owing to suppressed recombination.

Haplotype Analysis Sheds Light on the Genetic Evolution of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Locus in Species.

Wheat powdery mildew ( f. sp. , , recently clarified as s.

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species-Aided Localized Cell Death Contributing to Immune Responses Against Wheat Powdery Mildew Pathogen.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated cell death have long been known to play critical roles in plant immunity to pathogens. Wheat powdery mildew caused by f. sp.

Discovery of pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides with anti-proliferative activities from Ardisialindleyana.

One new pentacyclic triterpenoid glycoside, ardisiapunine E (1), along with two known compounds were isolated from the root of Ardisia lindleyana D.Dietr. Their structures were elucidated by H and C NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC, H-H COSY and NOESY spectroscopic analyses, ESI-MS, and literature.

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by on in China.

Humulus scandens, (Lour.) Merr., is a climbing herb which are used as traditional Chinese medicine, a raw material for papermaking, making soap, and replacing hops H.

Four organosulfur compounds from the seeds of and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Phytochemical investigation of the seeds of led to the isolation of four organosulfur compounds. There were two new compounds, 10-methylsulfinyl-decanamide () and 11-methylsulfinyl-undecanamide (), along with two known compounds (-), which all have a sulfoxide group and an amide or a nitrile group. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analysing UV, IR, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy.

Investigation of the Repairing Effect and Mechanism of Oral Degraded Sericin on Liver Injury in Type II Diabetic Rats.

In the sericulture and silk production industry, sericin is discharged in the degumming wastewater, resulting in a large amount of wasted natural protein and environmental pollution. This study investigated the effect of degraded sericin recovered by the Ca(OH)-ultrasound degumming method (a green process) on liver injury in T2D rats. After 4 weeks of dietary sericin supplementation, the liver masses and organ coefficients of the T2D rats improved compared with those of the model rats that were not fed sericin.

Enhancing the In Vitro Biological Activity of Degraded Silk Sericin and Its Analog Metabolites.

Two sericins of high and low molecular weight (HS and LS) were prepared from commercial silkworm cocoon silk with a boiling water and Ca(OH) solution with ultrasonic treatments, respectively. This study first investigated the release concentration of the two abovementioned sericins in simulated saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice (pH 6.8, 2.

Degraded Sericin Significantly Regulates Blood Glucose Levels and Improves Impaired Liver Function in T2D Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress.

Sericin could be degraded well into low-molecular-weight sericin (SS) through a novel and environmentally friendly recycling process using an ultrasonically degumming method in Ca(OH) aqueous solution. The oral administration of the SS has an evidently hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced T2D rats. At oral doses of 2.

Bowls, vases and goblets-the microcrockery of polymer and nanocomposite morphology revealed by two-photon optical tomography.

On the >1 µm scale the morphology of semicrystalline plastics like polyethylene or Nylon features spherulites, "shish-kebabs", cylinddrites and other crystalline aggregates which strongly affect mechanical and other material properties. Current imaging techniques give only a 2D picture of these objects. Here we show how they can be visualized in 3D using fluorescent labels and confocal microscopy.

TdPm60 identified in wild emmer wheat is an ortholog of Pm60 and constitutes a strong candidate for PmG16 powdery mildew resistance.

We identified TdPm60 alleles from wild emmer wheat (WEW), an ortholog of Pm60 from T. urartu, which constitutes a strong candidate for PmG16 mildew resistance. Deployment of PmG16 in Israeli modern bread wheat cultivar Ruta improved the resistance to several local Bgt isolates.

A Post-Haustorial Defense Mechanism is Mediated by the Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene, , Derived from Wild Emmer Wheat.

The destructive wheat powdery mildew disease is caused by the fungal pathogen f. sp. ().

[Research progress on traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating cerebral ischemia injury based on "nose-brain" pathway].

Due to the increasing incidence of central nervous system diseases,especially the increasing incidence and mortality of stroke,brain-targeted drug delivery has attached more and more attention. Nasal administration,as one of the ways of brain-targeted administration,can effectively make the drug delivered to the brain in a targeted way after by passing the blood-brain barrier,providing a new idea for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Therefore,it is a promising administration way.

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the function of Th1/Th2 cells and methylation of IFN-γ gene in offspring rats.

The effects of maternal vitamin D status on offspring's Th1/Th2 cell function and the related mechanisms have not been reported. In this study, we established the rat model of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 16/group): control group (fed with standard AIN-93 G diet until parturition), vitamin D deficiency group (VDD group, fed with vitamin D deficient diet until parturition) and vitamin D supplementation group (VDS group, fed with vitamin D deficient diet prior to mating and with standard AIN-93 G diet during pregnancy).

Transcriptional reference map of hormone responses in wheat spikes.

Background: Phytohormones are key regulators of plant growth, development, and signalling networks involved in responses to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptional reference maps of hormone responses have been reported for several model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Brachypodium distachyon. However, because of species differences and the complexity of the wheat genome, these transcriptome data are not appropriate reference material for wheat studies.

Linoleic acid isomerase gene FgLAI12 affects sensitivity to salicylic acid, mycelial growth and virulence of Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat, a serious disease worldwide. Linoleic acid isomerase (LAI) catalyses the transformation of linoleic acid (LA) to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is beneficial for human health. We characterised a cis-12 LAI gene of F.

Synthesis of tumor-targeted folate conjugated fluorescent magnetic albumin nanoparticles for enhanced intracellular dual-modal imaging into human brain tumor cells.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs), utilized as carriers are attractive materials widely applied in biomedical fields, but target-specific SPIO NPs with lower toxicity and excellent biocompatibility are still lacking for intracellular visualization in human brain tumor diagnosis and therapy. Herein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide, i.e.

Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Aim: To explore the changes of X-box binding protein 1 splicing (XBP1s) and inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).

Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the forms of XBP1s and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-17α. Differences between patients with UC and normal subjects were then determined.

The effects of preweaning manganese exposure on spatial learning ability and p-CaMKIIα level in the hippocampus.

Background: The effects and mechanisms of preweaning Manganese (Mn) exposure on cognitive dysfunction remain unclear.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of preweaning Mn exposure on spatial learning and memory as well as the protein expression of CaMKIIα and p-CaMKIIα.

Methods: We treated neonate rats with Mn(2+) doses of 0 (control group), 10, 20 and 30mg of Mn(2+) per kg body weight (Mn-exposed groups) over postnatal day (PND) 1-21 by intraperitoneal injection.

Determination and comparison of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in pu-erh and other types of Chinese tea.

Two previous studies have reported that pu-erh tea contains a high level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has several physiological functions. However, two other researchers have demonstrated that the GABA content of several pu-erh teas was low. Due to the high value and health benefits of GABA, analysis of mass-produced pu-erh tea is necessary to determine whether it is actually enriched with GABA.