Dosage Regimen Formulation and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Cyadox Nanosuspension Against Dairy Cow Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Aims: In this study, the dosage regimen establishment of cyadox nanosuspension against dairy cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used as example to provide a general reference for the other novel nanocrystal preparations.

Methods: The effect of cyadox against S.

[Metabolic and excretory process of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in rats' urine and feces analyzed by RRLC-QqQ-MSn].

This present study was to investigate the metabolism and excretion of characteristic polyphenols such as flavonoids and coumarins in urine and feces of rats after intragastric administration of ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The urine and feces of rats were collected after intragastric administration of 70% ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-QqQ-MSn) was applied to compare the contents of polyphenols in ethanol extract, urine and feces.

System Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Decode the Synergistic Mechanism of Zhi-zhu Wan for Functional Dyspepsia.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a widely prevalent gastrointestinal disorder throughout the world, whereas the efficacy of current treatment in the Western countries is limited. As the symptom is equivalent to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) term "stuffiness and fullness," FD can be treated with Zhi-zhu Wan (ZZW) which is a kind of Chinese patent medicine. However, the "multi-component" and "multi-target" feature of Chinese patent medicine makes it challenge to elucidate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of ZZW on FD.

Quality Control of the Fuzi Lizhong Pill Through Simultaneous Determination of 16 Major Bioactive Constituents by RRLC-MS-MS.

Fuzi Lizhong pill (FLP) is used to treat gastritis, and the monarch drug of it is Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, aconite roots) which is a toxic herbal medicine. To better control the safety and quality of FLP, an effective method to analyze the contents of 16 toxic and bioactive components using rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was established. The 16 constituents included aconine, mesaconine, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, adenosine, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritigenin, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II and glycyrrhetic acid.

Chemotaxonomic Classification Applied to the Identification of Two Closely-Related Citrus TCMs Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics.

This manuscript elaborates on the establishment of a chemotaxonomic classification strategy for closely-related fruits in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics was applied to depict the variable chemotaxonomic markers and elucidate the metabolic mechanism of TCMs from different species and at different ripening stages. Metabolomics can capture a comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites and can provide a powerful approach to establish metabolic profiling, creating a bridge between genotype and phenotype.

[Study on HPLC fingerprint and chemical constituent difference of different species of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus].

This study is to establish an HPLC fingerprint by HPLC-DAD method and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 17 components of 18 batches of Citrus aurantium and 10 batches of C. sinensis. The separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C₁₈ (4.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of cyadox against Clostridium perfringens in swine.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of cyadox against Clostridium perfringens in swine and optimize the dosage regimen using ex vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling. After oral administration, the ileum fluid of pigs containing the free cyadox was collected by implanted ultrafiltration probes. The T, AUC, and CL/F of free cyadox in the ileum fluid were 1.

[Research on concentration of 5 different ginsenosides in Panax japonica collected from different cultivated geographic regions].

In this paper, an HPLC-QqQ-MS method for determination of 5 different ginsenosides of Panax japonica collected from different cultivated geographic regions was established. The separation was performed on a Zorbax XDB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm, 1.

Short-time QiBaoMeiRan Formula Treatment Exerts Estrogenic Activities without Side Effects on Reproductive Tissues in Immature Mice.

The Chinese herbal preparation QiBaoMeiRan formula (QBMR) displayed estrogenic effects in ovariectomized rats after long-term administration in a previous study. The uterus and vagina are negatively influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy. While QBMR is known to be a phytoestrogen, its estrogenic effects and safety on reproductive tissues after short-term administration and its mechanism via estrogen receptor (ER) pathway haven't been studied.

Sanmiao formula inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis.

Sanmiao formula (SM) is a basic prescription for the treatment of gouty and rheumatoid arthritis that has been used in China over a long period of history. However, there is no evidence associating SM with the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, a characterization of the anti-OA effect of SM was conducted using an rat model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT plus MMx), together with studies using chondrocytes for further molecular characterization.

Treatment with qibaomeiran, a kidney-invigorating Chinese herbal formula, antagonizes estrogen decline in ovariectomized rats.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) contain multi-interactive compounds that have been used for treatment of peri-menopausal syndrome and have become a new phytoestrogens resource. The QiBaoMeiRan formula (QBMR), including Polygoni multiflori radix, Angelicae sinensis radix, Achyranthis bidentatae radix, semen Cuscutae, fructus Lycii, Poria, and fructus Psoraleae, has been used clinically for treating osteoporosis in post-menopausal women by virtue of its kidney-invigorating function. However, no evidence base links QBMR to estrogen replacement therapy.

[Exploring the association rules of clinical application of shenmai injection through text mining].

Objective: To explore the rules of clinical application of Shenmai Injection (SI).

Methods: The data sets of SI were downloaded from CBM database by the method of literature retrieved from Jan. 1980 to May 2012.

Treatment with SiMiaoFang, an anti-arthritis chinese herbal formula, inhibits cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis rat model.

A Chinese herbal preparation, SiMiaoFang (SMF), has been used clinically for treating arthralgia by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving activities. However, no evidence base links SMF to anti-osteoarthritis (OA), particularly its link to inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation. In this study, we undertook a characterization of anti-OA activity of SMF using an in vivo rat model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT+MMx) together with in vitro studies with chondrocytes for further molecular characterization.

Genotoxicity evaluation of Mequindox in different short-term tests.

Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides (QdNOs) are the potent heterocyclic N-oxides with interesting biological properties such as antibacterial, anticandida, antitubercular, anticancer and antiprotozoal activities. Here, we tested and compared the mequindox (MEQ) for mutagenic abilities in a battery of different short term tests according to OECD guidelines. When compared with the controls, a strong mutagenicity of MEQ and carbadox (CBX) was observed with an approximate concentration-effect relationship in Salmonella reverse mutation test, chromosome aberration test, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and HGPRT gene mutation test, in the absence and presence of S(9)-mix.

Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding quinocetone fed to Wistar rats.

To investigate the reproductive toxicity and teratogenic potential of quinocetone, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats were fed different diets containing 0, 50, 300 and 1800 mg/kg quinocetone or 300 mg/kg olaquindox. Groups of 15 males and 30 females (F(0)) were fed through a 10-week prebreed period as well as during mating, gestation, parturition and lactation. At weaning, 12 males and 24 females of F(1) generation weanlings per group were selected randomly as parents for F(2) generation.

Two generation reproduction and teratogenicity studies of feeding cyadox in Wistar rats.

To investigate the teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, Wistar rats (F(0)) were fed with diets containing cyadox (0, 50, 150 and 2500 mg/kg) or olaquindox (150 mg/kg), approximately equivalent to cyadox 5, 15, 250 or olaquindox 15 mg/kg b.w./day across two generations.

A chronic toxicity study of cyadox in Wistar rats.

To investigate the chronic toxicity of cyadox, a growth promoting agent, five groups of Wistar rats (30 rats/group/sex) were fed with the diets containing cyadox (0, 100, 400 and 2000 mg/kg) or olaquindox (400 mg/kg) for 78weeks. There were significant decreases in body weights in both genders during most of the study period in 2000 mg/kg cyadox and 400 mg/kg olaquindox rats. Significant decreases in serum alkaline aminotransferase in the 2000 mg/kg cyadox rats at weeks 26, 52 and 78 were observed.

Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in chicken based on retrospective data, incorporating first-pass metabolism.

A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in chicken based on retrospective data was developed. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were determined in blood samples from chicken administered either enrofloxacin via oral and intravenous routes or ciprofloxacin via intravenous injection. The disposition of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was described simultaneously by an integrated mathematic model.

[Review about structure-function relationships of anthraquinone derivatives from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei].

It review the structure-function relationship of natural anthraquinone derivatives from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. The anthraquinone derivatives had many identical activities because they have the identical mother nucleus; but the strength of their activities were different, because they have different substitution groups. The anthraquinone derivatives shown the obvious structure-function relationship in many respects, such as antioxygenation, antibiosis, anticancer, the influence of immunity and so on.

[HPLC determination of chemical constituents produced in Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing].

Objective: To analysis the changes of two chemical constituents, namely 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5- dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and 5-hydryoxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) produced in Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing, with processing time, and to determine the contents of 5-HMF in samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata.

Method: An HPLC method was applied with a Zobax SB-C18 (3.9 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column by a elution using methanol-water (10: 90) as the mobile phase.

[New chemical constituents from Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing].

Objective: To study the new chemical constituents from Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing.

Methods: Various kinds of chromatographic methods were used to deparate the chemical constituents from Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral data.

Effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea.

Aim: To explore effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid (HXZQ) on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea (BSD).

Methods: BSD was induced in Balb/c mice by oral administration with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium. HXZQ was administrated from the day of diarrhea induction at dosages of 5.

[Determination of three chemical components in Fructus aurantii immaturus].

Objective: To determine the contents of 3 kinds of components in Fructus aurantii immaturus.

Method: HPLC analysis was performed to detect the contents of hesperidin, naringin and synephrine. The content of volatile oil was detected determined following the method of Chinese pharmacopoeia.

[Influence of process methods on contents of chemical component Radix Polygoni Multiflori].

Different methods of processing Radix Polygoni Multiflori and the change of chemical components including emodin, physcion, 2,3,5,4'-stilbene glucoside, and tannin were investigated. The dried roots of polygoni were processed in different ways, such as, steamed with black bean sauce, steamed with water, stewed with black bean sauce, and stewed with black bean sauce at high pressure, for h and 36 h, respectively. The process stewing with black bean sauce was also investigated for 12, 24, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively.