The structure modification with glucosamine of glycyrrhetinic acid extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch offal and mechanism of action based on network pharmacology and molecular docking against type II diabetes.

In order to improve the solubility and hypoglycemic activity of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the active mechanism of action of new compounds was explored. A novel 2-(N-3-acetylglycyrrhetinoyl)-N-glucopyranosyl-2-acetamide (compound 9) was synthesized by adding glucosamine (GlcN) to the C-30 carboxyl group of GA, and the hypoglycemic activity mechanism of compound 9 was explored by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results showed that the solubility of compound 9 was better than GA, and the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of compound 9 (IC50 = 0.

Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from the Cordyceps cicadae and the immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells.

A new exopolysaccharide component named as PC-EPS was isolated from Cordyceps cicadae, and its structure was determined. PC-EPS was identified to be constituted of mannose, glucose, and galactose (28.84:1:19.

Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from L. Moench (okra) and its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism on type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A novel acidic polysaccharide named AeP-P-1 was prepared from L. Moench (okra). AeP-P-1 is a heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 3.

Rheological properties of polysaccharides from Pholiota nameko with different temperature extraction: Concentration, pH, temperature, and saltion.

Cold and hot water extracted polysaccharides (CW-PNPs and HW-PNPs) were isolated from Pholiota nameko. The rheological properties of PNPs were investigated by steady shear and oscillatory rheological measurements. The PNPs exhibited typical non-Newtonian and shear-thinning behavior, which are affected by PNP concentration, temperature, pH value, salt ion, and concentration.

Preparation and antibacterial effect of chitooligosaccharides monomers with different polymerization degrees from crab shell chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis.

This study aimed to explore the structure and antibacterial properties of chitooligosaccharide monomers with different polymerization degrees and to provide a theoretical basis for inhibiting Salmonella infection. Chitosan was used as a raw material to prepare and separate low-molecular-weight chitooligosaccharides. Chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose were obtained by gradient elution with cation exchange resin.

Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the structure and bioactivity of Ampelopsis grossedentata polysaccharides.

Steam explosion (SE) was a friendly environmentally pretreatment method. In this study, the effect of steam explosion (SE) pretreatment on structure and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Ampelopsis grossedentata polysaccharides was evaluated. Two novel polysaccharides (AGP and AGP-SE) were extracted, isolated, purified and analyzed by NMR, FT-IR and methylation.

Structure, antioxidant property and protection on PC12 of a polysaccharide isolated and screened from L.Moench (okra).

AeP-P-2, a pectic polysaccharide, was extracted from the fruit pod of okra. It composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal) and galacturonic acid (GalA) with the ratio of 4.75:2.

Structural characterization and inhibitions on α-glucosidase and α-amylase of alkali-extracted water-soluble polysaccharide from Annona squamosa residue.

A novel acidic polysaccharide, named as AWPA, was extracted form Annona squamosa residue by 0.1 M NaOH alkaline solution and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150. HPLC analysis indicated that AWPA was a homogeneous polysaccharide with molecular weight of 3.

Structure and hypoglycemic activity of a novel exopolysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris.

A novel neutral exopolysaccharide (EPS-III) was isolated from culture broth of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris). The EPS-III was a homogeneous polysaccharide with M of 1.

Chemical structure and antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide from Siraitia grosvenorii.

A novel polysaccharide from Siraitia grosvenorii residues (SGP, molecular weight 1.93 × 10 KDa) was isolated and purified. SGP was composed of α-L-Arabinose, α-D-Mannose, α-d-Glucose, α-D-Galactose, Glucuronic acid, and Galacturonic acid with the ratio of 1: 1.

Enzymatic characterization and validation of gene expression of phosphoglucomutase from Cordyceps militaris.

The purification and characterization of PGM (Phosphoglucomutase) from Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) was investigated. PGM was purified using a combination of ultrafiltration, salting-out and ion exchange chromatography resulting in 4.

Structural characterization and prebiotic potential of an acidic polysaccharide from .

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide, named ICP-1, was isolated and purified by Sephadex G-200 after extracting the crude polysaccharide (ICP) from . The structural characterization of ICP-1 was determined by physical and chemical methods, FT-IR, NMR, SEM, HPGPC, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation and Congo red test. Then, acid production and proliferation of lactic acid bacteria and the tolerance tests of simulated gastrointestinal fluid were measured to investigate the activity of prebiotic potential.

Hypoglycemic effect of glycyrrhizic acid, a natural non-carbohydrate sweetener, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

In this paper, glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) was extracted from the stem of licorice by enzymatic hydrolysis, separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, its purity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the structure was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hypoglycemic activity of GZA was measured by α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro and the establishment of a T2DM diabetic mouse model in vivo. The experimental results showed that the extraction rate and purity of GZA were 92.

Chemical structure and effects of antioxidation and against α-glucosidase of natural polysaccharide from Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin.

GIBP, a homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin with a molecular weight 1.96 × 10 kDa, had a triple helix structure, smooth and sheet-like structure. Comprehensive analysis showed that the main chain of GIBP was composed of α-D-1,4 linked glucose, branch points were composed of α-D-1,3,6 and α-D-1,2,3,6 linked glucoses, and side chains were composed of α-D-1,3 and β-D-1,6 linked galactose, β-L-1,2 linked arabinose, α-D-1,3 and β-D-1,3 mannose.

Synthesis and inhibition of α-glucosidase of methyl glycyrrhetinate glycosides.

The synthesis of the methyl glycyrrhetinate glycosides and inhibition of α-glucosidase were studied. The carboxyl group of glycyrrhetinic acid was methylated, and glucose and galactose were introduced into the hydroxyl group to obtain compounds and . Compound , , , and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase.

The effect of fermentation conditions on the structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from .

This study investigates the effect of fermentation conditions on the structure and anti-tumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of () in submerged fermentation. The environmental and nutritional conditions are determined in a shaker flask by a single factor test. The inhibition of IPS on S180 cells was as an optimization index.

Comparisons of the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from fermented mycelia and cultivated fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris in vitro.

A comparison of the anti-tumor activity of CMPS-II and CBPS-II polysaccharides, respectively is obtained from the fermented mycelium and cultivated fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. This in vitro anti-tumor activity is investigated using an MTT assay, immunofluorescence staining, a Western Blot assay, a qRT-PCR assay, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The experimental results indicate that the inhibition rate of CMPS-II on H1299 tumor cells is higher than that of CBPS-II.

Carboxymethylation and acetylation of the polysaccharide from and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

The crude polysaccharide extracted from was chemically modified to obtain carboxymethylated derivatives (CM-CPS) and acetylated derivatives (AC-CPS). The physicochemical characterizations were comparatively investigated by chemical methods, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR spectra, NMR analysis, Congo red test, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Then α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were conducted to determine the structure-bioactivity relationship.

H NMR-based metabonomics of the hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides from on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice.

The crude polysaccharide was extracted from . Material ratio of powder and water was 1:10. The polysaccharide was successively purified by Sevag and chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column to produce a polysaccharide fraction termed CBPS-II.

Structural analysis and antioxidant activity of the glycoside from Imperial Chrysanthemum.

A new glycoside, named as CG-1, was separated from Imperial Chrysanthemum with silica gel column chromatography. The purity was detected by TLC and HPLC. The crystal shape of CG-1 was consisting of a quadrangular and two rectangular pyramids.

The chemical structure and anti-aging bioactivity of an acid polysaccharide obtained from rose buds.

An acid polysaccharide, named R-PL, was extracted from rose buds by hot water (80 °C) extraction and purified by Sephadex G-200. R-PL, extracted with a total yield of 1.90%, is a highly pure polysaccharide with a total sugar content of 92.

Structure analysis and anti-fatigue activity of a polysaccharide from Walp.

A polysaccharide was obtained from Walp by hot water extraction and purification by Millipore (100 kD) and Sephadex G-200. The content of polysaccharide was examined to be 89.9% with phenol-sulfuric acid method.

Structural characterisation and ACE-inhibitory activities of polysaccharide from Blume.

The structural properties and Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activities of a polysaccharide (PGE) extracted from Blume were investigated. PGE was extracted using hot water and purified by Sephadex G-200 followed by ultra-filtration. The structural characterisation of PGE was analysed by FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, specific rotation determination, periodate oxidation-smith degradation, methylation analysis, GC-MS and Congo red test.

Structural properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from fruit bodies of .

A polysaccharide named PNP was extracted and purified from The total sugar content of PNP was 95.29% and the molecular weight was 1.89 × 10 kDa.

Structural characterization and inhibition on α-glucosidase activity of acidic polysaccharide from Annona squamosa.

The crude polysaccharide (TASP3) was extracted from the fruit pulp of Annona squamosa and then isolated and purified by the combination of grading-alcoholic precipitation and Sephadex G-200. The structure of purified polysaccharide (GASP3-3-I) was determined based on the physicochemical and instrumental analyses. The results indicated that GASP3-3-I was an acidic heteropolysaccharide and its average molecular weight was 2.