[Screening of Amendments for Simultaneous Cd and As Immobilization in Soil].

Simultaneously reducing the availability of Cd and As is difficult owing to converse chemical behaviors of Cd and As in soil. In this study, amendments that can simultaneously immobilize Cd and As in soil were determined by an pure soil culture experiment in which flooding and wetting were performed for 30 d each. The effects of sepiolite (Sep), modified sepiolite (IMS and Sep-FM), steel slag (SS), and iron modified biochar (Fe-Bio) on soil pH, Eh, Cd, and As concentrations in pore water, and Cd and As fractions in soil were investigated.

A2B5 lineages of human astrocytic tumors and their recurrence.

Astrocytomas are very common intracranial glial cell neoplasms with an inherent tendency to progress. However, the heterogeneity of the morphological features and clinical behavior of the tumors makes accurate prognosis based on the histopathological grading system very difficult. Studies demonstrated that astrocytes have two distinctive cell lineages, and tumors arisen from these two astrocytic lineages have been speculated to have different biological and clinical manifestations.