Controlled Synthesis, Mechanism and Degradation Property of Birnessite-MnO₂ Nanoflowers and Nanoflakes.

Birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflakes were synthesized via an aqueous oxidation method at 90 °C using Mn(CH₃COO)₂, NaOH, and KMnO₄. The samples' morphology, crystalline structure, and optical property were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflakes were converted to KMnO and Mn suboxides following a decrease in the concentration of KMnO₄ in the reaction.

[Adsorption Mechanisms Analysis of EfOM on PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes Modified by SiO Using QCM-D and AFM].

To further unravel adsorption mechanisms of effluent organic matter (EfOM) on the PVDF ultrafiltration membranes modified by nano-silica particles from micro perspective during different filtration phases, the membranes were prepared by adjusting the dosage of nano-silicon. The adsorption of EfOM on the surface of the membranes and the interaction between EfOM and the membranes were measured by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).The QCM-D results suggested that adsorbing capacity and adsorption rate of EfOM on the hydrophilic surfaces were lower than on the hydrophobic surfaces.

[Research on spectral characteristic of miniature X-ray tube and determination of beryllium window thickness].

Applying Monte Carlo method, the present paper simulates the emitted X-ray spectrum of miniature X-ray tube with thirteen thickness of beryllium window in the range from 50 to 500 microm. By analyzing the characteristic of the spectrums, the reasonable choice of thickness of beryllium window relies on the application and for the beryllium window it is not the thinner the better. Taking in-situ EDXRF as an example, though the emission X-ray intensity is higher as the thickness of the beryllium window becomes thinner, the proportion of useless low-energy X-ray (<5 keV) intensity to all energy X-ray intensity also is higher (>20%).

[Clinical trial on mastoplasia treated by xiaozheng pills (qing xiang pills)].

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Xiaozheng pills in treating mastoplasia.

Method: Clinical trials were carried out by five hospitals. In each hospital, patients were divided into two groups with one group 24 patients (trial group) and the other 24 patients (control group).