Effects of Temperature and Moisture on the Infection and Development of Apple Fruit Rot Caused by Phytophthora cactorum.

Phytophthora fruit rot, caused by Phytophthora cactorum, is an important disease of apple in China, often causing more than 50% fruit rot in rainy years. We examined the effects of temperature and moisture on the development of the disease and effects of the variables on zoospore release and germination, infection, and lesion development. In vitro, a temperature range of 5 to 20°C had no significant effects on zoospore release dynamics but did significantly affect the quantities of released zoospores.

[Protective effects of luteolin against acetaminophen-induced damage in L02 liver cells].

This paper was aimed to investigate the protective effects of luteolin (Lut) against acetaminophen（APAP）-induced damage in L02 liver cells. CCK-8 was used to detect the cell activation of L02 cells treated by different Lut. The concentration and time of APAP induced L02 cell damage was screened.

Oxymatrine attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis via modulation of TLR4-dependent inflammatory and TGF-β1 signaling pathways.

Oxymatrine (OMT) is able to effectively protect against hepatic fibrosis because of its anti-inflammatory property, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4) and three OMT treatment groups (30, 60, 120mg/kg). After CCl4 alone, the fibrosis score was 20.

Effects of Temperature, Wetness Duration, and Moisture on the Conidial Germination, Infection, and Disease Incubation Period of Glomerella cingulata.

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Glomerella cingulata is a newly emergent disease that results in severe defoliation and fruit spots. Currently, GLS is not effectively controlled in China due to a lack of understanding of its epidemiology. Therefore, the effects of temperature, wetness duration, and moisture on conidial germination, infection, and the disease incubation period of GLS were examined by inoculating cv.