Voxel-level radiomics and deep learning for predicting pathologic complete response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

Background: Accurate prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy (nICT) is crucial for tailoring patient care in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning model using a novel voxel-level radiomics approach to predict pCR based on preoperative CT images.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective study, 741 patients with ESCC who underwent nICT followed by radical esophagectomy were enrolled from three institutions.

35-fs diode-pumped mode-locked ytterbium-doped multi-component alkaline-earth fluoride laser.

We demonstrate direct generation of sub-40 fs pulses from a diode-pumped mode-locked laser using an ytterbium-yttrium codoped multi-component alkaline-earth fluoride crystal and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. The Yb,Y:(Ca,Sr)F laser delivers soliton pulses as short as 35 fs at 1056.7 nm, with an average output power of 182 mW at a repetition rate of ∼65.

A new nomogram for predicting 90-day outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.

Background: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a new nomogram to predict the risk of poor outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT).

Methods: A total of 425 patients who received IVT within 4.5 h of stroke onset were included in a retrospective study.

A novel method for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection mutants via an epitope-specific CD8 T cell test.

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 2019, the public health system has faced enormous challenges. Tracking the individuals who test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a key step for interrupting chains of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and reducing COVID-19-associated mortality. With the increasing of asymptomatic infections, it is difficult to track asymptomatic infections through epidemiological surveys and virus whole-genome sequencing.

InfoScan: A New Transcript Identification Tool Based on scRNA-Seq and Its Application in Glioblastoma.

InfoScan is a novel bioinformatics tool designed for the comprehensive analysis of full-length single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. It enables the identification of unannotated transcripts and rare cell populations, providing a powerful platform for transcriptome characterization. In this study, InfoScan was applied to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), identifying a rare "neoplastic-stemness" subpopulation exhibiting cancer stem cell-like features.

SPeak to the heart.

Neuroimmune regulation modulates responses to cardiovascular stress and injury. In this issue of Immunity, Perrotta et al. delineate a heart-brain-spleen axis that induces adaptive cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload, highlighting a SPeak mechanism (spleen-derived PlGF efflux activates cardiac macrophages).

A feasibility study of automating radiotherapy planning with large language model agents.

: Radiotherapy planning requires significant expertise to balance tumor control and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. Automated planning can improve both efficiency and quality. This study introduces GPT-Plan, a novel multi-agent system powered by the GPT-4 family of large language models (LLMs), for automating the iterative radiotherapy plan optimization.

Quad-Nanopore Array Enables High-Resolution Identification of Four Single-Stranded DNA Homopolymers.

The solid-state nanopore technique holds the potential to develop mechanically stable and miniaturized DNA sequencing devices. However, the limited temporal resolution due to the high electric field inside the nanopore and the lack of an effective speed control strategy have hindered the realization of sequencing. Here, we reported a quad-array (four nanopores milled with ∼30 nm interpore spacing as a detection unit) that induced a redistribution of the electric field inside and outside the nanopore array and offered high-resolution discrimination of four ssDNA homopolymer types.

Unveiling radiobiological traits and therapeutic responses of BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer via patient-derived organoids.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the factors influencing radiosensitivity remain unclear. In the quest to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in CRC, the interplay between genetic mutations and RT sensitivity has emerged as a pivotal yet enigmatic area.

Methods: We harness the fidelity of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to dissect the molecular landscape of radiosensitivity, with a particular emphasis on BRAF mutations.

Effect of Age on Aldosterone-Renin Ratio in Screening Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common endocrine cause of hypertension. The plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is the most recommended screening tool for PA, but previous studies showed controversy regarding the influence of age on ARR. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of age on ARR measured using direct renin concentration (DRC) and its diagnostic value in patients with PA.

[The role of microglia activated by the deletion of immune checkpoint receptor CD200R1 gene in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease].

The study aimed to investigate the effect of the CD200R1 gene deletion on microglia activation and nigrostriatal dopamine neuron loss in the Parkinson's disease (PD) process. The CRISPR-Cas9 technology was applied to construct the CD200R1 mice. The primary microglia cells of wild-type and CD200R1 mice were cultured and treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Association between skeletal muscle mass and the prognosis of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study.

Background: The predicted skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI) is a proven and reliable index that reflects muscle mass; however, its ability to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACES) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains uncertain.

Methods: A total of 1340 enrolled patients were ultimately included in the study and stratified according to the pSMI tertiles. The primary endpoint was a complex set of MACEs, including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization.

Methane emissions from thermokarst lakes must emphasize the ice-melting impact on the Tibetan Plateau.

Thermokarst lakes, serving as significant sources of methane (CH), play a crucial role in affecting the feedback of permafrost carbon cycle to global warming. However, accurately assessing CH emissions from these lakes remains challenging due to limited observations during lake ice melting periods. In this study, by integrating field surveys with machine learning modeling, we offer a comprehensive assessment of present and future CH emissions from thermokarst lakes on the Tibetan Plateau.

Activation of gut microbiota-hif1α axis effectively restores resistance to Aeromonas veronii caused by improper administration of AiiO-AIO6.

Background: Feeding adult zebrafish a diet supplemented with quenching enzyme AiiO-AIO6 for 3 wk improved the growth performance and disease resistance. However, when the feeding period was extended to 8 wk, zebrafish's disease resistance to Aeromonas veronii decreased.

Objective: We investigated the mechanisms of the reduced disease resistance of zebrafish induced by feeding on AiiO-AIO6 supplemented diet for a long-term (8 wk), and assessed the effectiveness of feed additives in restoring the low disease resistance.

Engineering Two-Dimensional-Copper Phenolic Nanosheet from CuO Nanosphere for Enhanced Peroxidase Activity in Smartphone-Based Thiophanate-Methyl Detection via Analyte-Inhibition Mechanism.

Optical sensors based on nanozymes have shown great promise for the rapid and sensitive detection of pesticide residues in environmental and food samples. However, their applicability is often limited by a lack of selectivity due to nonspecific enzyme inhibition. Therefore, we developed a colorimetric sensing platform specifically tailored to detect the agricultural fungicide thiophanate-methyl (TpM), leveraging its unique inhibitory effect on nanozyme activity.

Improving light use efficiency models via the introduction of both the diffuse fraction and radiation scalar.

Surface solar radiation, both its components and intensity, is pivotal in determining vegetation light use efficiency (LUE) and is essential for accurately estimating gross primary production (GPP) in ecosystems. This study introduces two key parameters: the diffuse photosynthetic photon flux density fraction (f) to account for the diffuse fertilization effect (DFE) and the radiation scalar to reflect the impact of radiation intensity on leaf-level LUE. Leveraging these parameters, we developed two novel LUE models: the Big-leaf Diffuse-fraction Radiation-scalar LUE (BDR-LUE) model, adapted from traditional big-leaf LUE models, and the Two-leaf Diffuse-fraction Radiation-scalar LUE (TDR-LUE) model, based on conventional two-leaf LUE frameworks.

Specific extraction of S-adenosylhomocysteine from urine with boronate affinity mechanism based on a tube-tip adsorbent.

Back Ground: The concentration of S-adenosylhomocysteine in human urine is associated with atherosclerosis and may be used as an early marker of atherosclerosis, and accurate quantitative analysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine in high-risk group urine is significant for the prevention and early diagnosis. Therefore, monitoring of S-adenosylhomocysteine in the urine of high-risk groups may provide some reference for the prevention and early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Due to the complexity of biological samples and the low content of target component, sample pretreatment is a prerequisite to ensure the accuracy of quantitative analysis results.

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of cutaneous adverse events in cancer patients treated with molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapies.

Background: Advances in anticancer treatments have significantly improved disease control and progression-free survival. These therapies are associated with various adverse events (AEs), especially cutaneous toxicities. However, there is a paucity of patient-reported outcomes on cutaneous AEs (CAEs) and associated alternation of quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients.

Early prediction of postpartum dyslipidemia in gestational diabetes using machine learning models.

This study addresses a gap in research on predictive models for postpartum dyslipidemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal was to develop a machine learning-based model to predict postpartum dyslipidemia using early pregnancy clinical data, and the model's robustness was evaluated through both internal and temporal validation. Clinical data from 15,946 pregnant women were utilized.

The emerging role of glycolysis and immune evasion in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the three most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, with the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. Like other tumors, OC cells undergo metabolic reprogramming phenomenon and convert glucose metabolism into "aerobic glycolysis" and generate a high concentration of lactate, i.e.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochloride pesticides (OCPs) in sediment from the Beibu Gulf, China: Occurrence, spatial-temporal distribution, source, historical variation and ecological risks.

This study comprehensively analyzed 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 87 surface sediment samples collected across two seasons and in a sediment core from the Beibu Gulf, China. Overall, only a limited number and low concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were detected. In surface sediments, ΣPCBs concentrations were higher in summer (mean: 0.

Effects of acyl migration of sn-1,3 diacylglycerol on the crystallization behaviors and physical property stabilities of binary fat systems.

Diacylglycerol (DAG), a functional lipid with two isomers, exhibits distinct physical properties that affect oil systems. This study investigated the crystallization behaviors and physical property stabilities in binary systems composed of sn-1,3 DAG and its migration equilibrium product (ME-DAG, with an sn-1,3 DAG:sn-1,2 DAG ratio of 65:35) at mass ratios of 20 %, 50 %, and 80 % with palm kernel oil (PKO). The results revealed that the sn-1,3 DAG/PKO systems exhibited faster crystallization rates and more pronounced eutectic effects than the ME-DAG/PKO systems.

Conformational reorganization and phase separation drive hyper-editing of ADR-2-ADBP-1 complex.

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins, which mediate adenosine-to-inosine editing of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) substrates, play essential roles in balancing innate immunity. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we solved the structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans ADR-2-ADBP-1 complex (stoichiometric ratio, 2:2), which is an asymmetric ADR-2 dimer with one editing site blocked by the other ADR-2. Unexpectedly, dsRNA recruitment triggered dissociation of the ADR-2 dimer, exposing more competent dsRNA editing sites.