Improved deep learning-based IVIM parameter estimation via the use of more "realistic" simulated brain data.

Background: Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the limited number of b-values, precise parameter estimation of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging remains an open issue to date, especially for brain imaging where the relatively small difference between D and D easily leads to outliers and obvious graininess in estimated results.

Purpose: To propose a synthetic data driven supervised learning method (SDD-IVIM) for improving precision and noise robustness in IVIM parameter estimation without relying on real-world data for neural network training.

Methods: On account of the absence of standard IVIM parametric maps from real-world data, a novel model-based method for generating synthetic human brain IVIM data was introduced.

Pair-Soil-Spectra: An Approach for NIRS-Based Soil Total Nitrogen Content Detection with Feature Metrics in Cases of Small Sample Sizes.

Soil total nitrogen (STN) plays an important role in plant growth, and rapid and nondestructive detection of STN content is essential for agricultural production. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) takes advantage of the fast detection speed, low cost, and nondestructiveness, and it can be used for STN content detection. Typically, NIRS-based approaches require a large number of samples for detection model training.

Sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) combined with high-dose methotrexate, temozolomide, and rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a phase 2 study.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and frequently fatal lymphoma subtype. The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway has emerged as a potential therapeutic target, but the effectiveness of PD-1 antibody sintilimab in combination with immunochemotherapy as a frontline treatment for PCNSL remains to be determined. In this phase 2 trial (ChiCTR1900027433) with a safety run-in, we included patients aged 18-70 with newly diagnosed PCNSL.

Prediction of treatment outcome for branch retinal vein occlusion using convolutional neural network-based retinal fluorescein angiography.

Deep learning techniques were used in ophthalmology to develop artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting the short-term effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME). 180 BRVO-ME patients underwent pre-treatment FFA scans. After 3 months of ranibizumab injections, CMT measurements were taken at baseline and 1-month intervals.

Prediction of PD-L1 and Ki-67 status in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by diffusion and perfusion MRI: a preliminary study.

Objective: To assess whether diffusion and perfusion MRI derived parameters could non-invasively predict PD-L1 and Ki-67 status in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed DWI, DSC-PWI, and morphological MRI (mMRI) in 88 patients with PCNS-DLBCL. The mMRI features were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher exact test.

Relationship between retinal volume changes and the prognosis of BRVO-ME treated with ranibizumab.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ranibizumab for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME), changes in retinal volume and central retinal thickness (CRT) before and after therapy, and the connection between visual prognosis and changes in retinal volume.

Methods: The 120 patients(121 eyes) of BRVO-ME were recruited from July 2020 to October 2022 at the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University. The clinical data of patients were retrospectively examined for changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal volume, and CRT at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1year after treatment.

Fairer AI in ophthalmology via implicit fairness learning for mitigating sexism and ageism.

The transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields highlights the need for it to be both accurate and fair. Biased medical AI systems pose significant potential risks to achieving fair and equitable healthcare. Here, we show an implicit fairness learning approach to build a fairer ophthalmology AI (called FairerOPTH) that mitigates sex (biological attribute) and age biases in AI diagnosis of eye diseases.

Colour-coded collateral and venous outflow patterns in estimating infarct progression and predicting functional independence for stroke patients in late time window.

Objectives: To investigate whether cerebral collateral and venous outflow (VO) patterns on colour-coded multi-phase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) can estimate ischaemic core growth rate (IGR) and predict 90-day functional independence for patients with late-presenting acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: The retrospective analysis included 127 AIS patients with a late time window. All patients underwent baseline mCTA with colour-coded reconstruction and computed tomography perfusion.

Predicting glioblastoma recurrence using multiparametric MR imaging of non-enhancing peritumoral regions at baseline.

Background: To assess the feasibility of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in predicting tumor recurrence in nonenhancing peritumoral regions in patients with glioblastoma at baseline.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with recurrent glioblastoma underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, including T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging. Nonenhancing peritumoral regions with glioblastoma recurrence were identified by coregistering preoperative and post-recurrent magnetic resonance images.

FlexDTI: flexible diffusion gradient encoding scheme-based highly efficient diffusion tensor imaging using deep learning.

. Most deep neural network-based diffusion tensor imaging methods require the diffusion gradients' number and directions in the data to be reconstructed to match those in the training data. This work aims to develop and evaluate a novel dynamic-convolution-based method called FlexDTI for highly efficient diffusion tensor reconstruction with flexible diffusion encoding gradient scheme.

Effects of HO on Improving the Performance of a Solid Composite Electrolyte Fabricated via an Air-Processable Technique.

Inert atmosphere is normally necessary for fabrication of solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) as a crucial part of solid-state Li-metal batteries in order to avoid undesirable reactions induced by ambient moisture. Herein, we developed an air-processable technique to fabricate SCEs by employing LiCFSO (LiOTf) as the Li salt, which was combined with LiLaZrTaO (LLZTO) as the fast Li-conductor and polyvinylidene difluoroethylene/polyvinyl acetate (PVDF/PVAC) as the polymer matrix. With the assistance of trace HO dissolved in electrolyte solution, the room-temperature Li conductivity of the obtained aSCE reached as high as 5.

F-FDG-PET/CT for Localizing the Epileptogenic Focus in Patients with Different Types of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic and localization value of F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) who underwent epilepsy surgery.

Methods: One hundred and eight patients with pathologically proven FCD who underwent surgery for refractory epilepsy were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), F-FDG-PET/CT, and video electroencephalography.

Research Progress in Special Engineering Plastic-Based Electrochromic Polymers.

SPECPs are electrochromic polymers that contain special engineering plastic structural characteristic groups (SPECPs). Due to their high thermal stability, mechanical properties, and weather resistance, they are also known as high-performance electrochromic polymer (HPEP or HPP). Meanwhile, due to the structural characteristics of their long polymer chains, these materials have natural advantages in the application of flexible electrochromic devices.

Magnetic resonance imaging radiomics-based prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer in equivocal PI-RADS 3 lesions in the transitional zone.

Purpose: This bi-institutional study aimed to establish a robust model for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (pathological grade group ≥ 2) in PI-RADS 3 lesions in the transition zone by comparing the performance of combination models.

Materials And Methods: This study included 243 consecutive men who underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy from January 2020 and April 2022 which is divided into a training cohort of 170 patients and a separate testing cohort of 73 patients. T2WI and DWI images were manually segmented for PI-RADS 3 lesions for the mean ADC and radiomic analysis.

sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of H.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated pc2-12, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the herb collected from arid areas of Tibet. The strain grew most vigorously with 1 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.0 and at 25 °C.

Unveiling the predictive capacity of inflammatory and platelet markers for central retinal artery occlusion.

Objectives: Cell counting in peripheral blood samples and their combinations have gained wide usage in clinical research due to their convenient and minimally invasive sampling method. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII), and systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), and platelet distribution width (PDW) for the occurrence of non-arteritic Central retinal artery occlusion (NA-CRAO).

Methods: We included 123 patients diagnosed with NA-CRAO and 120 age-, sex- and blood pressure-matched individuals in this study.

A galectin-9 involved in the microbial recognition and haemocyte autophagy in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type member of galectin family participating in various immune responses, such as cell agglutination, phagocytosis, and autophagy. In the present study, a tandem repeat galectin-9 (defined as CgGal-9) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which consisted of two conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) joined by a linker peptide. CgGal-9 was closely clustered with CaGal-9 from C.

Initial and follow-up high-resolution vessel wall MRI study of spontaneous cervicocranial artery dissection.

Objectives: To explore the factors associated with ischemic stroke secondary to spontaneous cervicocranial artery dissection (sCCAD) and evaluate the initial imaging markers related to outcomes.

Methods: Initial and follow-up high-resolution vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) in consecutive patients with sCCAD were retrospectively analyzed. The associations of clinical and imaging factors and variants of the circle of Willis (COW) with ischemic stroke were evaluated using binary logistic regression analyses.

Isolated from the Rhizospheric Soil of in Segrila Mountain on the Tibetan Plateau.

A non-motile, Gram-staining-negative, orange-pigmented bacterium called pc1-10 was discovered in Tibet in the soil around ' roots. The isolate thrived in the temperature range of 10-30 °C (optimal, 25 °C), pH range of 5.0-9.

Poly (Aryl Amino Ketone/Sulfones) with Obvious Electrochromic Effect Prepared by One-Step Low-Cost and Facile Synthesis.

High-performance donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers, as an important class of electrochromic (EC) materials, have attracted extensive attention. In this paper, a series of novel poly (aryl amino ketone) (PAAK) and poly (aryl amino sulfone) (PAAS) type high-performance polymers (HPP) with electrochromism were prepared by a simple C-N coupling reaction and were coated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate as EC films. All four polymers were prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction using commercially purchased amine monomers with difluoride sulfone/ketone using potassium carbonate as a catalyst.

Improved performance of non-preloaded and high flip-angle dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging sequences in the presurgical differentiation of brain lymphoma and glioblastoma.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and percentage signal recovery (PSR) obtained from high flip-angle dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) sequences with and without contrast agent (CA) preload for presurgical discrimination of brain glioblastoma and lymphoma.

Methods: Consecutive 336 patients (glioblastoma, 236; PCNSL, 100) were included. All the patients underwent DSC-PWI on 3.

Effect and safety of ultrasound-guided continuous stellate ganglion blockade on neurovascular headache.

Objective: To analyze the effect and safety of ultrasound-guided continuous stellate ganglion blockade (CSGB) on neurovascular headache.

Methods: The clinical data of 137 patients with neurovascular headache treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2019 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment schemes, the patients were assigned to the control group (69 cases, treated with flunarizine combined with Oryzanol tablets), or the observation group (68 cases, treated with ultrasound-guided CSGB on the basis of the treatment to the control group).