FOXO4-SP6 axis controls surface epithelium commitment by mediating epigenomic remodeling.

Proper development of surface epithelium (SE) is a requisite for the normal development and function of ectodermal appendages; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying SE commitment remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed a KRT8 reporter system and utilized it to identify FOXO4 and SP6 as novel, essential regulators governing SE commitment. We found that the FOXO4-SP6 axis governs SE fate and its abrogation markedly impedes SE fate determination.

Effects of tDCS with concurrent cognitive performance targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex on EEG microstates in schizophrenia.

Objectives: Working memory impairments represent fundamental cognitive deficits in schizophrenia (SZ). Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated potential in enhancing working memory in SZ, its neural mechanisms and optimized strategies remain to be elucidated. This study explored the effects of tDCS with concurrent cognitive performance targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) on electroencephalography (EEG) microstates in SZ.

Impact of childhood trauma on cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) frequently exhibit cognitive impairments. However, the association between childhood trauma as a risk factor for BD and cognitive deficits remains ambiguous.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and cognitive function among patients with BD.

Metabolic Atlas of Human Eyelid Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Eyelid infiltrative basal cell carcinoma (iBCC) is the most common malignant tumor affecting the ocular adnexa, but studies on metabolic changes within its microenvironment and heterogeneity at the tumor invasive area are limited. This study aims to analyze metabolic differences among iBCC cell types using single-cell and spatial metabolomics analysis and to examine metabolic environment at the tumor invasive area.

Methods: Single-cell transcriptomic data of human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were clustered and visualized using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection.

Integrated course on ocular anatomy for ophthalmology clerkship.

Background: Obtaining a full understanding of the anatomical structure of the eyeball and the contents within the eye plays a crucial role in learning eye diseases. However, it can be challenging for beginners to quickly learn, memorize, and apply this anatomical knowledge. To improve the teaching of ocular anatomy and help students overcome learning difficulties in ophthalmology clerkship, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center developed an integrated ocular anatomy course comprising three main components: 'online preview,' 'lecture,' and 'wetlab dissection'.

Effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole oral solution in the acute treatment of schizophrenia in Chinese patients.

Background: This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole oral solution in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: This was a multicenter, single-arm phase IV study involving 134 patients in China in the acute stage of schizophrenia from May 2021 to July 2022. The patients received aripiprazole oral solution 10 - 30 mg/d for 12 weeks.

Retinoic acid drives surface epithelium fate determination through the TCF7-MSX2 axis.

Understanding how embryonic progenitors decode extrinsic signals and transform into lineage-specific regulatory networks to drive cell fate specification is a fundamental, yet challenging question. Here, we develop a new model of surface epithelium (SE) differentiation induced by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using retinoic acid (RA), and identify BMP4 as an essential downstream signal in this process. We show that the retinoid X receptors, RXRA and RXRB, orchestrate SE commitment by shaping lineage-specific epigenetic and transcriptomic landscapes.

Effect of surface treatment strategies on bond strength of additively and subtractively manufactured hybrid materials for permanent crowns.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of different computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid ceramic materials following different pretreatments.

Methods: A total of 306 CAD/CAM hybrid material specimens were manufactured, n = 102 for each material (VarseoSmile Crown [VSCP] by 3D-printing; Vita Enamic [VE] and Grandio Blocs [GB] by milling). Each material was randomly divided into six groups regarding different pretreatment strategies: control, silane, sandblasting (50 μm aluminum oxide particles), sandblasting + silane, etching (9% hydrofluorics acid), etching + silane.

Influence of sandblasting and bonding on the shear bond strength between differently pigmented polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and veneering composite after artificial aging.

Objective: Achieving a strong bond between Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and veneering composites is challenging due to PEEKs low surface energy. This study examined the effects of sandblasting and bonding on the shear bond strength (SBS) between veneering composite and pigmented PEEK, considering artificial aging.

Methods: Of three pigmented PEEK compounds (DC4420R, DC4450R, DC4470R; Evonic Operations GmbH, Marl, Germany), 40 specimens each were milled and polished up to 2500 grit.

Occlusal changes on implant-supported single crowns with one year follow-up after loading: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review evaluated the occlusal changes after loading with implant-supported single crowns.

Sources: An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library for randomized (RCTs) or non-randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs), with a minimum of 10 patients.

Study Selection: Studies reporting the occlusal force changes on implant-supported single crowns - with natural teeth as antagonist - measured at baseline and after loading periods were included.

Retraction: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) alleviates the malignant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA05933D.].

UV-aged polystyrene nanoplastics aggravate intestinal barrier damage by overproduction of ROS.

UV irradiation significantly alters nanoplastics (NPs) physicochemical properties, thus affecting their biological toxicity. This study is the first to assess the influence of virgin and UV-aged polystyrene NPs (v-PS NPs, a-PS NPs) on the intestinal barrier of ICR mice. We found that a-PS NPs can cause more severe intestinal barrier damage compared with v-PS NPs.

Enhanced hepatic metabolic perturbation of polystyrene nanoplastics by UV irradiation-induced hydroxyl radical generation.

The environmental behavior of and risks associated with nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted considerable attention. However, compared to pristine NPs, environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation that lead to changes in the toxicity of NPs have rarely been studied. We evaluated the changes in morphology and physicochemical properties of polystyrene (PS) NPs before and after UV irradiation, and compared their hepatotoxicity in mice.

Treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a common antipsychotic-induced adverse event in psychiatric patients, and the quality of clinical studies investigating the best treatments has varied. Thus, to better summarize the clinical evidence, we performed an umbrella review of overlapping systematic reviews and meta-analyses for the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.

Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus and EMBASE were searched, and reviews and meta-analyses meeting our inclusion criteria were selected.

Boosting photocatalytic NO oxidation mediated by high redox charge carriers from visible light-driven CN/UiO-67 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst.

The construction of CN/UiO-67 (CNU) S-scheme heterojunction composites through in situ formation of UiO-67 on carbon nitride (CN) helps to address the limitations of carbon nitride (CN) in photocatalytic NO elimination. The optimized CNU demonstrates superior photocatalytic efficiency, which is attributed to electronic channels constructed by Zr-N bonds and S-scheme electron transport mechanism, effectively promoting the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers with high redox potentials. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal redistributed electronic orbitals in CNU, with progressive and continuous energy levels near the Fermi level, which bolsters electronic conduction.

The remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by immobilized microorganisms using distiller's grains.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a persistent organic pollutant, and their biodegradation in the soil is often limited due to the limited degradation ability of indigenous bacteria and the low activity of exogenous PAH degrading bacteria. Immobilized microbial technology can protect microorganisms from the impact of harsh environments, and distiller's grains have the potential as carriers for microbial immobilization. This study aims to use distiller's grains as a microbial carrier, investigate the feasibility of immobilized microorganisms using distiller's grains for remediation of PAH contaminated soil; explore the relationship between soil nutrient content, consumption, and PAH degradation rate; and reveal the mechanism of bioremediation from the perspective of soil enzyme activity and microbial community composition.

Driving Factors Influencing Soil Microbial Community Succession of Coal Mining Subsidence Areas during Natural Recovery in Inner Mongolia Grasslands.

Soil microorganisms significantly influence the energy flow and material cycle of soil ecosystems, making them highly susceptible to environmental changes, such as those induced by mining activities. Studying the succession of soil microbial communities after mining subsidence is crucial for comprehending the significance of soil microbes in the natural recovery process following subsidence. Therefore, the soil properties, vegetation communities, and soil microbial communities of the subsidence area, as well as unexploited areas, were analyzed during the natural restoration process (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 years).

Different levels of prepulse inhibition among patients with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Background: Deficits in prepulse inhibition may be a common feature in first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We sought to explore the levels and viability of prepulse inhibition to differentiate first-episode schizophrenia, BD and MDD in patient populations.

Methods: We tested patients with first-episode schizophrenia, BD or MDD and healthy controls using prepulse inhibition paradigms, namely perceived spatial co-location (PSC-PPI) and perceived spatial separation (PSS-PPI).

Antagonist enamel tooth wear produced by different dental ceramic systems: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of enamel tooth wear induced by different antagonistic ceramic crown materials in the posterior area within a follow-up period up to 24 months in function. A network meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of the materials on the mean vertical loss (MVL) of the antagonist enamel tooth surface.

Data: Main search terms used in combination: ceramic, dental materials, metal ceramic, tooth wear and dental enamel.