causing Dieback disease in (Lour.) Per. in China.

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Per., named as May Cang, is a rare deciduous evergreen tree and cultivated for its ethnopharmacological properties and medicinal uses.

[Temporal Evolution and Main Influencing Factors of Black Carbon Aerosol in Nanjing].

Temporal evolution of black carbon (BC) in Nanjing was studied along with its main influencing factors. The multi-wavelength aethalometer (AE-33) was used to select the typical month of each season to observe BC mass concentration, combined with atmospheric pollutant data, meteorological elements, and boundary layer detection data. Seasonal, daily, weekly trends, and source characteristics of BC were analyzed.

[Change in Characteristics of Pollution Gas and Water-soluble Ions at Different Development Stages of Haze].

To explore the variation in characteristics of atmospheric pollutants at different stages of haze, the monitor for aerosols and gases in ambient air (MARGA) was used to observe the concentrations of precursor pollutants (NH, HNO, and SO) and eight water-soluble ions in a regional haze in the Yangtze River Delta region from November 18 to December 07, 2018. Combined with environmental data (PM, NO, CO, and O) and meteorological data, the causes of regional haze formation, diurnal variation characteristics of air pollutants, and distribution characteristics of air pollutants in different stages of haze were analyzed. The results showed that the Yangtze River Delta region was mainly controlled by a ridge of high pressure during the haze process and the weather situation was stable, which was conducive to the accumulation of air pollutants.

Percutaneous versus open pedicle screw instrumentation in treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous short-segment pedicle instrumentation compared with conventionally open short-segment pedicle instrumentation and provide recommendations for using these procedures to treat thoracolumbar fractures.

Methods: The Medline database, Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Clinical Trial Register, and Embase were searched for articles published. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that compared percutaneous short-segment pedicle instrumentation to open short-segment pedicle instrumentation and provided data on safety and clinical effects were included.

[Current advances on surgical treatment for knee articular cartilage injuries].

Chondral injuries are short of self-healing ability and need to surgical repair after articular cartilage injury. Conventional treatment includes debridement and drainage under arthroscope, micro-fracture, osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS), mosaiplasty and osteochondral allografts (OCA), autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Debridement and drainage could remove pain factor, and has advantages of simple operation, wide clinical application and early clinical effect.

Ultrasound synergized with three-phase partitioning for extraction and separation of Corbicula fluminea polysaccharides and possible relevant mechanisms.

Ultrasound and three-phase partitioning (USTPP) were combined to extract and separate polysaccharides (PS) efficiently from Corbicula fluminea crude extracts. The following optimum experimental conditions were established: 20% (w/v) ammonium sulfate concentration, 1:1 (v/v) t-butanol to crude extract ratio, 180W ultrasonic power, 40kHz frequency, 100% duty cycle, 10min irradiation time, and 35°C. The maximum extraction yield of PS obtained from USTPP was approximately 11.

Three-phase partitioning as an elegant and versatile platform applied to nonchromatographic bioseparation processes.

In recent years, a big trend has been the development of rapid, green, efficient, economical, and scalable approaches for the separation and purification of bioactive molecules from natural sources, which can be used in food, cosmetics, and medicine. As a new nonchromatographic bioseparation technology, three-phase partitioning (TPP) is attracting the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers. Although a number of studies have been published in the last 40 years regarding the extraction, separation, and purification of numerous bioactive molecules using TPP systems, a background review on TPP partitioning fundamentals and its applications is much needed.

Structure and antioxidative property of a polysaccharide from an ammonium oxalate extract of Phellinus linteus.

In this paper, the novel polysaccharide PL-A11 was purified from an ammonium oxalate extract of Phellinus linteus mycelia. Its physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities were investigated. Results showed that PL-A11 had a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 13.

Ultrasonic effects on the degradation kinetics, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus mycelia.

In this study, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide PL-N isolated from the alkaline extract of Phellinus linteus mycelia was degraded by ultrasound. Results showed that ultrasound treatment at different ultrasonic intensities decreased the intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight of PL-N, as well as narrowed the molecular weight distribution. A larger reduction in intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight was caused by a higher ultrasonic intensity.

Advances in antitumor polysaccharides from phellinus sensu lato: Production, isolation, structure, antitumor activity, and mechanisms.

Edible and medicinal fungi (mushrooms) are widely applied to functional foods and nutraceutical products because of their proven nutritive and medicinal properties. Phellinus sensu lato is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has long been used in preventing ailments, including gastroenteric dysfunction, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and cancers, in oriental countries, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Polysaccharides represent a major class of bioactive molecules in Phellinus s.

Effects of ultrasound on molecular properties, structure, chain conformation and degradation kinetics of carboxylic curdlan.

In this study, high-intensity ultrasound (20 kHz), a simple, effective and without any additive method, was used to the degradation of carboxylic curdlan (Cc) produced by 4-acetamido-TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The effects of ultrasound on molecular properties, structure and chain conformations of Cc were investigated by viscometry, size-exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser-light scattering (SEC-MALLS) analysis, as well as FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. The results indicated that the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of Cc decreased obviously after ultrasound, and a uniform and narrow distribution of degradation product was obtained.

Structural features and antitumor activity of a novel polysaccharide from alkaline extract of Phellinus linteus mycelia.

A novel high molecular weight polysaccharide (PL-N1) was isolated from alkaline extract of the cultured Phellinus linteus mycelia. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of PL-N1 was estimated at 343,000kDa. PL-N1 comprised arabinose, xylose, glucose, and galactose in the molar ratio of 4.

Self-aggregated nanoparticles of carboxylic curdlan-deoxycholic acid conjugates as a carrier of doxorubicin.

In this study, a new non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and water-soluble carboxylic curdlan bearing the dissociable COOH group in 100% purity, which was prepared by 4-acetamido-TEMPO-mediated oxidation, was hydrophobically modified by deoxycholic acid (DOCA) to attain novel amphiphilic curdlan derivatives (CCDs) for the preparation of nano-carriers for antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). Under the effect of ultrasonication, the carboxylic curdlan derivatives in water were self-aggregated into spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 214 nm to 380 nm. The critical aggregation concentrations decreased from 0.

Effect of extraction media on preliminary characterizations and antioxidant activities of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides.

Three partially purified polysaccharides were extracted from Phellinus linteus mycelia using hot water, 1% (NH4)2C2O4, and 1.25M NaOH/0.05% NaBH4, and the extracts were named PL-W, PL-A, and, PL-N respectively.

[Study on anti-cancer components of Fig residues with supper critical fluid CO2 extracting technique].

Objective: To optimize Supper Critical CO2 extracting technical (SFE-CO2) methods for extraction of anti-cancer active components of Fig Residues and to investigate the anti-cancer effect of the extract in vitro and in vivo.

Method: The anti-cancer activity of extracted compound was measured on U937,95D and AGS cancer cells in vitro by MTT method. The anti-cancer effect of the extraction of Fig Residues was studied on mice transplant liver cancer in vivo.