Low magnesium diet alters distribution of macroelements and trace elements in tissues and organs of female rats.

The aim of the present study was to assess whether dietary magnesium deficiency can alter distribution of macroelements and trace elements in different organs and tissues. Experiments were carried out on 12 adult female Wistar rats, which were fed either a diet with low Mg content (≤20mgkg of diet) (LMgD) or a diet with daily recommended Mg content (≈500mgkg) as control group (CG) for 70 days. On the 70th day of the experiment heart, aorta, femoral skeletal muscle, forebrain, cerebellum, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, uterus, liver, kidneys, and spleen were taken for analysis of mineral content.

Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress: an update.

Magnesium deficiency (MgD) has been shown to impact numerous biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. In the present review, we discuss the relationship between MgD and oxidative stress (OS). MgD is accompanied by increased levels of OS markers such as lipid, protein and DNA oxidative modification products.

Comparative angioprotective effects of magnesium compounds.

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is implicated in the development of numerous disorders of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the data regarding the efficacy of different magnesium compounds in the correction of impaired functions due to low magnesium intake are often fragmentary and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the most bioavailable Mg compounds (Mg l-aspartate, Mg N-acetyltaurate, Mg chloride, Mg sulphate and Mg oxybutyrate) on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed a low Mg diet for 74 days.

Patterns of TRPM7 expression in hypothalamic and hippocampal neurons in modeling of nutritional magnesium deficiency.

Patterns of expression of TRPM7, the major cellular magnesium transporters in neurons of the hypothalamic region and hippocampus, were studied immunohistochemically. Multidirectional nature and different levels of the expression of the above antigen were revealed during modeled magnesium deficiency with regard to structural and functional features of neuron organization in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei as well as hippocampal field CA1 and CA3. Changes in the structural characteristics of neurons in the studied areas (absolute and relative indicators) and TRPM7 expression patterns were quantitatively analyzed considering the data on the role of the studied antigen in magnesium homeostasis, cell damage, and compensation.

[Cardioprotective properties of zoniporide studied on experimental ischemia and reperfusion models in rat myocardium].

Using the experimental model of rat heart ischemia/reperfusion, it is established that zoniporide (inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger) produces a significant (1.4-fold) decrease in the area of myocardial necrosis, 2.1-fold decrease in the serum troponin I level, and 2-fold decrease in the severity of post-reperfusion arrhythmias.

[Correction of isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury with magnesium salts in magnesium-deficient rats].

The effect of Mg L-asparaginate (Mg-L-Asp), Mg chloride (MgCl2) and Mg sulfate (MgSO4) on the severity of isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in Mg-deficient rats has been evaluated. To induce Mg deficiency, twenty-eight rats were placed on a low Mg diet (Mg content < 15 mg/kg) and demineralized water for 10 weeks. Twelve control rats were fed a basal control diet (Mg content = 500 mg/kg) and water (with Mg content 20 mg/l) for equal duration.

[Functional reserves of the heart under conditions of alimentary magnesium deficit].

Aim of the study was to assess functional reserves of myocardium in animals with deficit of magnesium during stress tests. Magnesium deficit was modeled by 10 week long magnesium deficient diet. After 54% lowering of magnesium level in erythrocytes we registered left ventricular pressure, myocardial contraction and relaxation rates, heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, intensity of structures functioning.

[Magnesium and the oxidative stress].

Magnesium deficiency has been shown to result in alterations of cellular functions and biological activity of molecules. The review discusses possible relationship between Mg2+ deficiency and development of oxidative stress. Decrease of Mg2+ concentration in tissues and blood is accompanied with elevation of the oxidative stress markers, including products of the oxidative modification of lipids, proteins and DNA.

Correction of furosemide-induced magnesium deficiency with different stereoisomers of organic magnesium salts: a comparative study.

We compared the efficiency of different stereoisomers of organic magnesium salts (Mg DL-, Mg D-, and Mg L-aspartate and Mg L- and Mg DL-glutamate) after oral administration under conditions of furosemide-induced magnesium deficiency. The time to complete compensation of erythrocyte magnesium level was 5 days for Mg L-aspartate, 10 and 8 days for Mg L-glutamate and Mg D-aspartate, respectively, and 11 days for Mg DL-aspartate and Mg DL-glutamate. These findings attest to better bioavailability of Mg complex with L-stereoisomer of aspartate in comparison with DL and D-stereoisomers and stereoisomers of Mg glutamate.

[Improved diagnosis of the severity of chronic decompensated tonsillitis].

Results of examination and treatment of 111 patients were used to evaluate the severity of chronic decompensated tonsillitis based on the following parameters of endotoxicosis: leukocytic intoxication index, content of medium molecular-weight peptides in blood, and erythrocyte sorption capacity. These results provided additional information about the functional state of palatine tonsils and severity of tonsillogenic intoxication; moreover they made it possible to evaluate efficiency of conservative treatment and determine indications for surgical intervention. Taken together, these data may be used to avoid subjective conclusions as regards the degree of decompensation in patients with chronic tonsillitis.

[Purulent complications in the surgical treatment of patients with mouth cancer and their prevention].

Local purulent complications after surgical operations for mouth cancer were recorded in 49 (61.3 per cent) out of 80 cases and were mainly due to associations of 2 or more pathogens. The analysis of the factors influencing the development of the complications showed that there was no reliable increase in the number of the complications in the patients subjected at the first stage to the treatment with various antitumor agents: 17 (53.

[Characteristics of carbohydrate chains of two forms of salmon gonadotropic hormone binding and not binding concanavalin A].

A comparative analysis of carbohydrate chains of two forms of hunchback salmon gonadotropin that bind or not with ConA-Sepharose was carried out. It was found that unbound, "protein", ConA(-)-form contains three times less carbohydrates and has slightly different amino acid composition as compared to the bound, normally glycosylated ConA(+)-form. HPLC fractionation showed the oligosaccharides released from both hormone forms to be mainly sialylated.

Carbohydrates in mammalian tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase.

Homogeneous preparations of bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.

[The structure of carbohydrate chains of human IgG4-paraproteins differing in the ability to bind cell receptors].

Comparative oligosaccharide analysis by HPLC revealed structural differences in the carbohydrate chains of human IgG4 paraproteins, varying in ability to induce the rhesus monkey's passive skin anaphylaxis. An atypical IgG4 paraprotein, which is inactive in this reaction and also does not bind the IgG4-subclass specific monoclonal antibody IH2, has a much higher proportion of the carbohydrate chains lacking terminal galactose residues than two typical IgG4 paraproteins. This structural feature may be one of the reasons for the atypical IgG4 not to bind by the mast cell Fc gamma receptor.

[A simple method of isolating monoclonal immunoglobulin M, possessing rheumatoid activity].

A simple procedure for obtaining highly purified preparations of native monoclonal (Waldenström's disease) immunoglobulin M possessing a rheumatoid activity (IgM-RF) has been developed. The method is based on the use of affinity chromatography with a new readily available adsorbent (immunoglobulin G-porous glass) and 3 M LiCl in Tris-buffer pH 8.3-8.

[Structure of carbohydrate chains of dimeric molecules and individual subunits of gonadotropin from the Russian sturgeon].

Carbohydrate chains of gonadotropin from the Russian sturgeon hypophysis, as well as of alpha- and beta-subunits of the hormone, were split off and fractionated by gel-chromatography and HPLC. More than ten oligosaccharides released from the male and female hormones gave almost identical patterns, whereas differences between alpha- and beta-subunits were more noticeable. Basing on the chromatographic properties and monosaccharide compositions of the oligosaccharides isolated and the known structures of N-linked carbohydrates of mammalian hormones, the common carbohydrate chain of sturgeon gonadotropin is as follows: [formula: see text] Some oligomannosidic and/or hybrid chains and small oligosaccharides of the pentasaccharide core type were also found.

[The structure of carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus B/Leningrad/179/86].

The main surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), was obtained by treatment of influenza virus B/Leningrad/179/86 with bromelain. Amino acid and monosaccharide compositions of HA and neuraminidase (NA, earlier isolated from the same virus) were determined, thus showing HA and NA to contain 8-10 and 2 carbohydrate chains, respectively. The carbohydrate fragments were cleaved off by the alkaline LiBH4 treatment, the oligosaccharides released were reduced with NaB3H4 and fractionated by two-step HPLC on Ultrasphere-C18 and Zorbax-NH2 columns.

[The structure of oligosaccharide fragments of glycoproteins from influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/59/(H2N2)--heavy and light chains of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase].

The structure and heterogeneity of carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the surface glycoproteins of influenza virus A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2), were investigated. Hemagglutinin was reduced with beta-mercaptoethanol and its heavy (HA1) and light (HA2) chains were separated by gel chromatography. Amino acid and sugar composition of HA1, HA2 and NA was elucidated.

[Effect of carbohydrate components of ristomycin A on platelet aggregation in human plasma].

In the process of the investigation, conditions for specific removal of arabinose in tetrasaccharide of ristomycin A, a glycopeptide antibiotic as well as conditions for simultaneous removal of arabinose and mannose-2 bound to actinoidinic acid were determined. The role of arabinose in manifestation of the ristomycin A ability to induce platelet aggregation was shown to be important. Mannose-2 also had the same ability while its level was somewhat lower.

[The structure of complex carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin from influenza viruses A/Kiev/59/79 (H1N1), A/Chile/1/83/25(H1N1) and X/79(H3N2)].

An earlier developed method of identification of oligosaccharides by HPLC was used for studying the carbohydrate chains of three hemagglutinins from various influenza virus strains. The structures of main oligosaccharides of the complex type were elucidated on the basis of their chromatographic characteristics and monosaccharide composition. Oligosaccharide patterns varied in the above hemagglutinin samples but in all cases the major complex chains were fucosylated and nonfucosylated biatennary chains; bisected and triantennary chains were also found.

The carbohydrate chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin.

The major surface antigen of influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2), H3 hemagglutinin, as well as its heavy and light subunits were obtained by bromelain treatment, followed by gel chromatography. Carbohydrate chains were split off from both subunits by lithium borohydride-lithium hydroxide in aqueous 2-methyl-2-propanol, and individual oligosaccharides isolated. The main oligosaccharides, whose structure was determined by 1H-n.

[Comparative study of carbohydrate chains of H1 hemagglutinins of influenza viruses A/Kiev/59/79 and X/Leningrad/54/1 using oligosaccharide maps].

For comparative study of carbohydrate chains of N-glycoproteins, method of "oligosaccharide maps" has been developed. It consists in fractionation of reduced oligosaccharide fragments by gel-chromatography and HPLC on reverse phase and amino columns. Using two HPLC retention time values for each oligosaccharide, two-dimensional maps for both variants of H1 hemagglutinin were constructed.

[Structure of major complex carbohydrate chains of influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) hemagglutinin].

The structure of four oligosaccharides which are the main carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin of influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) has been elucidated. It was shown by means of enzymatic and mild acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation and acetolysis that the oligosaccharides have very similar structures (noncomplete triantennary) and differ from each other only in the number (0, 1 or 2) and position of fucose residues. The peculiarities of glycosylation of H3 hemagglutinin from different strains of influenza virus were discussed.

[Structure of major oligomannoside chains of influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3 N2) hemagglutinin].

The structure of four main oligomannosidic carbohydrate chains isolated from influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) hemagglutinin has been elucidated using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The data obtained suggest that splitting off four alpha 1-2 linked mannose residues under alpha-mannosidase action is the limiting and selective stage of transformation of high mannose carbohydrate chain to complex chain during biosynthesis of glycoproteins.