New technologies in molecular allergodiagnostics.

The article presents the characteristics of the ALEX2 (MacroArrayDX, Wien, Austria). It is designed for simultaneous detection of IgE total and specific IgE-aB to 120 extracts and 180 molecules by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Extracts and allergen molecules combined with nano-particles are sorbed on a solid-phase substrate, forming a macroscopic multiplex matrix - the immune allergy chip.

Effects of the Linear Fragments of Beta-(1→3)-Glucans on Cytokine Production in vitro.

Beta-glucans, homopolysaccharides composed of 3,6-branching β-(1→3)-D-glucan chains, attract great interest as inducers of cytokine synthesis. In this work, we studied the ability of linear fragments of beta-glucan chains to activate cytokine synthesis. Synthetic nona-β-(1→3)-D-glucoside (SO) representing a linear fragment of beta-glucan chain, endotoxin (ED), and natural β-(1→3)-D-glucan (GL) were tested for their role as inducers of cytokines in whole peripheral blood cultures collected from 17 individuals.

[Resistance of Various Yeast Ecological Groups to Prolonged Storage in Dry State].

Resistance of 14 yeast species belonging to different ecological groups to extensive storage in a dried state was investigated. Pedobiotic yeasts isolated mainly from the soils of humid areas (Cryptococcus podzolicus, Cr. terricola, and Lipomyces starkeyi) were the least resistant.

[Polysaccharide compounds of mycelial fungi in dust of living quarters].

Aim: Detection of correlation between quantity of fungi and concentration of polysaccharides in dust of living quarters in Moscow.

Materials And Methods: Micromycetes from home dust were isolated by dilution method (1:1000). Polysaccharide concentration in home dust was evaluated by using gel-thromb test (Lal-test, Associates of Cape Cod Inc.

[The yeast community associated with the digestive tract of the German cockroach Blattella germanica L].

Data on the yeasts colonizing the digestive tract ofa German cockroach have been first obtained. Cockroach cultures are used in the commercial production of allergy vaccines to treat patients sensitized to cockroach allergens. The enteric microflora of the insects can bring nonshared antigens into the composition of the agents manufactured.

[Microbial contamination of Moscow dwelling rooms].

The rise of allergic diseases warrants an investigation of various environmental factors that are able to influence man negatively. By interacting with the human organism, bacteria and their decomposition products are well-known to stimulate different immunological reactions. The 24-month study has indicated that the total bacterial contamination of dust and the typical diversity of microbes depend on the season.

[Domestic dust mites in the dwellings of Penza].

Twenty-seven mite species belonging to 23 genera, 13 families, and 2 orders were identified. The mites of the family Pyroglyphidae, amounting to 91.1% of the total number of mites, were found to dominate in the acarocomplex of Penza dwellings.

[Methods of assessment and control of house dust mites population and mite allergen exposure].

The work is devoted to analysis of various methods of assessment and control of house dust mites population and mite allergens in city dwellings using own results and the literature data. Data about in-house dust mites biology and ecology, mechanisms of their migration and circulation in modern city conditions are presented. The comparison of several methods of mites number assessment and mite allergens exposure (classical acarological analysis, colorimetric method of guanine detection in house dust, immunochemical methods) has been performed and their advantages and disadvantages analyzed.

[Disacarification in the prevention of allergic diseases].

Elimination of domestic dust mites (Acariformes: Pyroglyphidae) from the premises is a significant factor of improving the quality of life in individuals with mite-borne sensitization. Some ways of reducing the number of domestic dust mites in the premises are considered.

[Methods of detection of tick allergens in house dust].

Different detection methods of housing dust allergens (belonging to the tick species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae) were considered. As shown in this study, the immunochemical method in combination with acarological analysis proved to be most promising.

[Groups and sources of yeasts in house dust].

House dust contains bacteria, mycelial fungi, microarthropods, and yeasts. The house dust samples collected in 25 apartments in Moscow and the Moscow region were found to contain yeasts belonging to the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, and Trichosporon. The most frequently encountered microorganisms were typical epiphytic yeasts, such as Cryptococcus diffluens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, which are capable of long-term preservation in an inactive state.

[Polyclonal antisera to birch pollen allergen for the air allergen screening].

The cross reactivity of the pollen allergens of birch (Betula pendula), hazel (Corylus avelana), alder (Alnus glutinosa), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), oak (Quercus robur) and ashtree (Fraxinus excelsior) was studied by the methods of the enzyme immunoassay and gel diffusion with the use of rabbit polyclonal antisera (PAS) prepared against birch pollen allergen. PAS was shown to be greatly related to all above-mentioned allergens with the exception of oak pollen allergen. PAS was found capable of forming precipitates in the layer of agar gel only with birch pollen allergen.

[House-dust mites and mold fungi as a source of indoor allergens].

In this work information on the biology and ecology of synanthropic mites and mold fungi, proved to be the sources of indoor allergens in different premises, is presented. The authors propose the algorithm of the ecological monitoring of dwellings, developed on the basis their investigations. The types of dwellings, the time and situations when ecological monitoring should be carried out are analyzed.

[The detection of house dust mites in the apartments of children with allergic diseases].

The acarological study of house dust in 239 apartments of children with different allergic diseases (bronchial asthma, rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis) developing as the result of indoor sensitization has been carried out. The significant difference between the occurrence of house-dust mites in apartments inhabited by healthy and sick children has been established. The occurrence of mites and their number have been found to affect the symptoms of an allergic disease and its exacerbation.

[Dynamics of the number of house dust mites and the accumulation of groups 1 and 2 allergens in simple periodic cultures].

Dynamics of the number and biomass of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae and the concentration of major significant mite allergens of groups 1 and 2 were studied in simple periodic cultures.

[Storage mites as the source of household allergens].

Storage mites of the families Acaridae and Glycyphagidae attracted attention as the source of household allergens. Storage mites occurring in house dust were studied. The fauna of storage mites in house dust was represented by two families.

Comparative detection of mite allergens in house dust of homes in Moscow by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and acarologic analysis.

The present study revealed that 73% of surveyed apartments in Moscow whose residents included children with the atopic form of bronchial asthma and sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens were infested with the pyroglyphid mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae.

[The development of a method for isolating and the study of the properties of an extract of the allergens from granary mites].

The method for obtaining allergenic extracts from T. putrescentiae bodies has been developed. As nutrient medium for the cultivation of these mites oat flour has been selected: it has no allergenic cross-reactive properties with T.

[Parasitic mites and ticks and allergy].

The review contains an of the literature on sensitivity and the clinical manifestations of allergy in human being to various parasitic and free-living mites and ticks (Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae, Demodicidae, Ixodidae, Argasidae, Gamasina, Trombiculidae, Cheyletidae, Pygmephoridae, Tarsonemidae, Tetranychidae). The epidemiology and clinic of the allergic reactions of man to the penetration of mites and tick allergens through skin at their constant, temporal and occasional parasitizing are considered. The allergic reactions to different mite and tick allergens take both delayed and immediate type.

[Delayed hypersensitivity to house dust-storage mites Thyrophagus putrescentiae in experimental allergic dermatoses].

House dust mites and storage mites proved to be one of the main allergens causing hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis in allergic patients. The authors reproduced experimental allergic dermatosis on the model of delayed type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, caused by sensitization to the allergen from the mite's bodies Tyrophagus putrescentiae--species having wide distribution in the country. The results characteristic for T-cell type hypersensitivity have been obtained: delayed positive skin tests after 24 hours, typical histomorphological picture (strong allergic alteration, epidermis desquamation, vasculitis, dermis T-cell infiltration and spongiosis--Waksman's syndrome).

[The fauna, number and spatial distribution of mites (Acari) in house dust in Moscow].

There is a wide and strong allergenic background in Moscow, which is determined by relatively high population density and regular frequency of the allergenic mites in various premises. 34 species have been identified, 5 of them are allergen producers. The mites of the family Pyroglyphidae are the main component of the house dust fauna.