Cohort Profile: Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS): A Population-based Multi-omics Study.

Background: The Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) aims to assess the determinants of metabolic disease in nutritional aspects, as well as other environmental and genetic factors, and explore possible biomarkers and mechanisms with multi-omics integration.

Methods: The population-based sample of adults in Guangzhou, China (baseline: 40-83 years old; n = 5,118) was followed up about every 3 years. All are tracked via on-site follow-up and health information systems.

Associations of Dietary Anthocyanidins Intake with Bone Health in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Bone health and body composition share several common mechanisms like oxidative stress and inflammation. Anthocyanins have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We have reported that anthocyanins are associated with better body composition in children, but the associations with bone health have not been elucidated.

Associations of the Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids with Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Telomere length (TL) serves as a marker of cellular senescence and appears to plateau between the age of 4 y and young adulthood, after which the gut microbiota are supposed to be established. However, scarce data are available regarding the correlation between gut microbiota composition and TL in the pediatric population.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiota and the concentrations of SCFAs in feces are associated with leukocyte TL in children.

Isoflavone biomarkers are inversely associated with atherosclerosis progression in adults: a prospective study.

Background: Many studies have examined associations between dietary isoflavones and atherosclerosis, but few used objective biomarkers.

Objectives: We examined the associations of isoflavone biomarkers (primary analyses) and equol production (secondary analyses) with the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and whether inflammation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood lipids, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) mediated these associations, in Chinese adults.

Methods: This 8.

Effects of plant oils with different fatty acid composition on cardiovascular risk factors in moderately hypercholesteremic Chinese adults: a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-designed trial.

Objectives: Plant oil for cooking typically provides 40% to 50% of dietary fat, 65% of linoleic acid, 44% of α-linolenic acid and 41% of oleic acid in the Chinese diet. However, the comparative effects of fatty acids derived from plant oil on cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese are still inconclusive. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate whether cardiovascular risk factors are altered depending on various types of plant oils such as peanut oil rich in oleic acid, corn oil rich in linoleic acid, and blend oil fortified by α-linolenic acid.

Urinary equol, but not daidzein and genistein, was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults.

Purpose: Many studies have examined the association of isoflavone intake with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and produced inconsistent results. Few studies, however, explored the association using objective biomarkers (particular for daidzein metabolite-equol) of isoflavones. We aimed to explore the association of urinary equol, daidzein and genistein concentrations with T2D and examine the mediating roles of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4).

Association Between Diet Inflammatory Index and Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Elderly Chinese Population.

Background: Chronic inflammation provides the substrate for various mechanisms involved in osteoporotic fracture. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) could shed light on the effect of the inflammatory potential of the diet on osteoporotic hip fracture.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that higher DII scores are associated with greater hip fracture risk in an elderly Chinese population.

Maternal and cord blood adiponectin levels in relation to post-natal body size in infants in the first year of life: a prospective study.

Background: Adiponectin is an adipocyte hormone involved in energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, its role in early infancy is poorly understood.

Methods: We recruited a total of 443 pregnant women and their children in this prospective study.

Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China.

Background: Evidence linking caries in primary dentition and children's anthropometric measures is contradictory. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of primary dental caries and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) among 7-9 years old school children in urban Guangzhou, China.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 32,461 pupils (14,778 girls and 17,683 boys) aged 7-9 years from 65 elementary schools in Guangzhou.

The effects of different levels of calcium supplementation on the bone mineral status of postpartum lactating Chinese women: a 12-month randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial.

Increasing dietary Ca intake may prevent the excessive mobilisation of bone mineral in nursing mothers. We aimed to investigate whether higher Ca intake could positively modulate the bone mineral changes in Chinese postpartum lactating women. The study was a 12-month randomised, double-blinded, parallel group trial conducted over 12 months.

Association of simple anthropometric indices and body fat with early atherosclerosis and lipid profiles in Chinese adults.

Objective: The discriminatory capability of different adiposity indices for atherosclerosis and lipid abnormalities remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify the best adiposity index for predicting early atherosclerosis and abnormal lipid profiles among anthropometric parameters and body fat measures in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Method: A total of 2,063 women and 814 men (57.

Effects of milk salt supplementation on bone mineral gain in pubertal Chinese adolescents: a 2-year randomized, double-blind, controlled, dose-response trial.

Background/objective: Adequate calcium intakes may enhance bone mineral accumulation during childhood. Little is known about the optimal calcium intake in Chinese adolescents. We examined the effects of three levels of calcium intake on bone mineral accretion in adolescents.

The validity of the body adiposity index in predicting percentage body fat and cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese.

Objective: Recent research has suggested that body adiposity index (BAI) correlates more closely with percentage body fat (PBF) than body mass index (BMI). Here, we aimed to evaluate BAI's predictive power for PBF and for obesity-associated risk factors in the Chinese population.

Subjects: A total of 1707 women and 680 men aged 51-77 years were analysed in this community-based cross-sectional study.

Effect of copper-induced oxidative stress on sclerotial differentiation and antioxidants contents of Penicillium thomii Q1.

Penicillium thomii Q1 strain was able to form abundant orange, sand-shaped sclerotia in which carotenoids were accumulated. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of copper-induced oxidative stress on the sclerotial differentiation, biosynthesis of some endogenous antioxidants, and the activities of some antioxidative enzymes of Q1 strain. The results showed that the oxidative stress induced by copper was clearly dependent on the CuSO4 concentrations in media, and characterized by the initiation of lipid peroxidation.

Comparison of various anthropometric and body fat indices in identifying cardiometabolic disturbances in Chinese men and women.

Background: Although many adiposity indices may be used to predict obesity-related health risks, uncertainty remains over which of them performs best.

Objective: This study compared the predictive capability of direct and indirect adiposity measures in identifying people at higher risk of metabolic abnormalities.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study recruited 2780 women and 1160 men.

Fruit and vegetable intake and bone mass in Chinese adolescents, young and postmenopausal women.

Objective: Previous studies showed an inconsistent association of fruit and vegetable consumption with bone health. We assessed the associations in Chinese adolescents, young and postmenopausal women.

Design: A cross-sectional study conducted in China during July 2009 to May 2010.