A Grading System for Assessing the Status of the Sphincter of Oddi During Intraoperative Choledochoscopy: A Surgeon's Perspective.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish a simple and practical grading system for evaluating the status of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) during intraoperative choledochoscopy. This system helps identify relevant variables that influence the status of the SO and provides recommendations for preventing stone recurrence.

Methods: Ninety-three patients were selected retrospectively from a total of 316 patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis between July 2020 and June 2023.

[Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision combined with intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer].

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) combined with intersphincteric resection (ISR) for ultra-low rectal tumors.

Methods: Clinical data of 36 patients with ultra-low rectal tumor undergoing laparoscopic TME combined with ISR were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: The median distance from the inferior margin of the tumor to the anal verge was 3.

[The study of primary culture methods for hippocampal neurons of newborn rats].

Aim: To compare three different methods for neuron culture, so as to provide a culture technique with higher neuron purity and survival rate.

Methods: Neurons in hippocampal region of newborn SD rats were cultured by common culture method, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-c)-supplementing method, Ara-c and nerve growth factor (NGF)-supplementing method. Then morphology of neurons was observed under microscope.