Activation of TGR5 alleviates inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in mice with collagen II‑induced arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammatory synovitis resulting in progressive joint destruction. Persistent synovial inflammation is induced by activation of various inflammatory cells. G‑protein‑coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is a G‑protein‑coupled receptor activated by various bile acids, which has been reported to act as a key adaptor in regulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses and a diverse array of physiological processes, including bile acid synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, carcinogenesis, immunity and inflammation.

[Efficacy of postoperative continuous wound infiltration with local anesthesia after open hepatectomy].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of continuous wound infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief after open hepatectomy.

Methods: From May 2011 to December 2012, 60 patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomized into normal saline continuous infusion group (n = 30) and 0.3% ropivacaine continuous infusion group (n = 30).