Simulation education utilizing phantom and angle reference guide in pulmonary nodule CT localization.

Objective: The incidence of sub-centimeter pulmonary nodules has been increasing along with the use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as a screening tool for early lung cancer detection. In our institution, pulmonary nodule computed tomography-guided localization (PNCL) is performed preoperatively with the laser angle guided assembly (LAGA), an angle reference device. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of postgraduate education in a phantom simulation of PNCL, with or without LAGA.