Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of a novel recombinant GI-19 infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from northeastern China.

Since the 1980s, despite vaccination, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection rate in commercial broilers and layers in China has continued to rise significantly, causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, an IBV strain was isolated from a layer farm in northeast China and named CK/CH/LN/2302. The whole genome sequence analysis revealed that CK/CH/LN/2302 shared a high level of homology (96.

Construction and bacteriostatic effect analyses of a recombinant thermostable Newcastle disease virus expressing cecropin AD.

Cecropin AD (CAD), a hybrid antimicrobial peptide composed of the first 11 residues of cecropin A and last 26 residues of cecropin D, is a promising antibiotic candidate. Therefore, an efficient and convenient method for producing CAD is necessary for commercial applications. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been widely used as a platform for gene delivery and exogenous protein expression.

Research Notes: Evaluation of recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing gB protein of infectious laryngotracheitis virus as bivalent in ovo vaccine.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND) are 2 highly infectious avian respiratory diseases that have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. In ovo vaccination is administered during the late stage of incubation and is an attractive immunization method for poultry industry. However, most of the avian live vaccine strains that are safe for use after hatching are highly pathogenic to chicken embryos and therefore unsafe for in ovo vaccination.

Spray vaccination with a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-vectored infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine protects commercial chickens from ILT in the presence of maternally-derived antibodies.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, and vaccines play an important role in protection. However, due to the increasing scale of poultry production, there is an urgent need to develop vaccines that are suitable for convenient immunization methods such as spraying. Previous studies have shown that Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-ILT vaccines administered via intranasal and intraocular routes to commercial chickens carrying maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) are still protective against ILT.

Virus-Like Particles Based on the Novel Goose Parvovirus (NGPV) VP2 Protein Protect Ducks against NGPV Challenge.

Novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), a genetic variant of goose parvovirus, has been spreading throughout China since 2015 and mainly infects ducklings with the symptoms of growth retardation, beak atrophy, and protruding tongue, leading to huge economic losses every year. A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to control NGPV infection. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) of NPGV were assembled and evaluated for their immunogenicity.

GaVe: A Webcam-Based Gaze Vending Interface Using One-Point Calibration.

Gaze input, i.e., information input via eye of users, represents a promising method for contact- free interaction in human-machine systems.

Impact of vitamin B on rhamnose metabolism, stress defense and in-vitro virulence of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative anaerobe which can cause a severe food-borne infection known as listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is capable of utilizing various nutrient sources including rhamnose, a naturally occurring deoxy sugar abundant in foods.

C-terminal truncation of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein enhances the virulence and immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain V4.

The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a multifunctional protein with receptor recognition ability that plays an important role in the infection of cells by NDV. An alignment of NDV HN protein sequences of different genotypes showed that vaccine strains of NDV, such as the LaSota strain, generally have an HN protein of 577 amino acids. In comparison, the HN protein of the V4 strain has 616 amino acids, with 39 more amino acids at the C-terminus.

Multi-robot cooperative autonomous exploration via task allocation in terrestrial environments.

Cooperative autonomous exploration is a challenging task for multi-robot systems, which can cover larger areas in a shorter time or path length. Using multiple mobile robots for cooperative exploration of unknown environments can be more efficient than a single robot, but there are also many difficulties in multi-robot cooperative autonomous exploration. The key to successful multi-robot cooperative autonomous exploration is effective coordination between the robots.

Identification of Embryonic Chicken Proteases Activating Newcastle Disease Virus and Their Roles in the Pathogenicity of Virus Used as Vaccine.

vaccination is an attractive immunization approach for chickens. However, most live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains used safely after hatching are unsafe as vaccines due to their high pathogenicity for chicken embryos. The mechanism for viral pathogenicity in chicken embryos is poorly understood.

Characterization of a Recombinant Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Expressing Glycoprotein gB of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Protects Chickens against ILTV Challenge.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important avian diseases that have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been used as a vector in the development of vaccines and gene delivery. In the present study, we generated a thermostable recombinant NDV (rNDV) expressing the glycoprotein gB (gB) of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ITLV) based on the full-length cDNA clone of the thermostable TS09-C strain.

Quantitative regulation of the thermal stability of enveloped virus vaccines by surface charge engineering to prevent the self-aggregation of attachment glycoproteins.

The development of thermostable vaccines can relieve the bottleneck of existing vaccines caused by thermal instability and subsequent poor efficacy, which is one of the predominant reasons for the millions of deaths caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. Research into the mechanism of viral thermostability may provide strategies for developing thermostable vaccines. Using Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as model, we identified the negative surface charge of attachment glycoprotein as a novel determinant of viral thermostability.

Confined transformation of trifunctional Co(OH)CO nanosheet assemblies into hollow porous Co@N-doped carbon spheres for efficient microwave absorption.

Carbonaceous-magnetic composites are the most appealing candidates for electromagnetic wave absorption, and creating hollow interiors and nanopores in the composites is commonly recognized as an essential strategy to reinforce their overall performances. Herein, we propose a spatial confinement strategy mediated by Co(OH)CO nanosheet assemblies for achieving highly dispersed Co nanoparticles into hollow porous N-doped carbon shells (HP-Co@NCS). Systematic multi-technique characterizations indicate that the Co(OH)CO nanosheet assemblies simultaneously play a trifunctional role during the synthesis, including Co source, template of the hollow interior cavities, and micro-/mesopore porogen.

Fusion Protein Cleavage Site Containing Three Basic Amino Acids Attenuates Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Embryos: Use as an Vaccine.

vaccination is an attractive immunization strategy for the poultry industry. However, although most live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains, such as LaSota and V4, can be used after hatching, they are pathogenic to chicken embryos when administered . We have previously reported that NDV strain TS09-C is a safe vaccine in specific-pathogen-free and commercial chicken embryos because it is attenuated in chicken embryos.

Defect Engineering in Thickness-Controlled BiOSe-Based Transistors by Argon Plasma Treatment.

We present a simple, effective, and controllable method to uniformly thin down the thickness of as-exfoliated two-dimensional BiOSe nanoflakes using Ar plasma treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and Raman spectra indicate that the surface morphology and crystalline quality of etched BiOSe nanoflakes remain almost unaffected. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) indicate that the O and Se vacancies created during Ar plasma etching on the top surface of BiOSe nanoflakes are passivated by forming an ultrathin oxide layer with UV O treatment.

Anaerobic Growth of on Rhamnose Is Stimulated by Vitamin B and Bacterial Microcompartment-Dependent 1,2-Propanediol Utilization.

The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can form proteinaceous organelles called bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) that optimize the utilization of substrates, such as 1,2-propanediol, and confer an anaerobic growth advantage. Rhamnose is a deoxyhexose sugar abundant in a range of environments, including the human intestine, and can be degraded in anaerobic conditions into 1,2-propanediol, next to acetate and lactate. Rhamnose-derived 1,2-propanediol was found to link with BMCs in some human pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, but the involvement of BMCs in rhamnose metabolism and potential physiological effects on L.

Bacterial Microcompartment-Dependent 1,2-Propanediol Utilization of .

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are proteinaceous prokaryotic organelles that enable the utilization of substrates such as 1,2-propanediol and ethanolamine. BMCs are mostly linked to the survival of particular pathogenic bacteria by providing a growth advantage through utilization of 1,2-propanediol and ethanolamine which are abundantly present in the human gut. Although a 1,2-propanediol utilization cluster was found in the probiotic bacterium , BMC-mediated metabolism of 1,2-propanediol has not been demonstrated experimentally in .

Bacterial Microcompartments Coupled with Extracellular Electron Transfer Drive the Anaerobic Utilization of Ethanolamine in Listeria monocytogenes.

Ethanolamine (EA) is a valuable microbial carbon and nitrogen source derived from cell membranes. EA catabolism is suggested to occur in a cellular metabolic subsystem called a bacterial microcompartment (BMC), and the activation of EA utilization () genes is linked to bacterial pathogenesis. Despite reports showing that the activation of is regulated by a vitamin B-binding riboswitch and that upregulation of genes occurs in mice, it remains unknown whether EA catabolism is BMC dependent in Here, we provide evidence for BMC-dependent anaerobic EA utilization via metabolic analysis, proteomics, and electron microscopy.

Calibration-Free Gaze Interfaces Based on Linear Smooth Pursuit.

Since smooth pursuit eye movements can be used without calibration in spontaneous gaze interaction, the intuitiveness of the gaze interface design has been a topic of great interest in the human-computer interaction field. However, since most related research focuses on curved smooth-pursuit trajectories, the design issues of linear trajectories are poorly understood. Hence, this study evaluated the user performance of gaze interfaces based on linear smooth pursuit eye movements.

Bacterial Microcompartment-Dependent 1,2-Propanediol Utilization Stimulates Anaerobic Growth of EGDe.

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are proteinaceous organelles that optimize specific metabolic pathways referred to as metabolosomes involving transient production of toxic volatile metabolites such as aldehydes. Previous bioinformatics analysis predicted the presence of BMCs in 23 bacterial phyla including foodborne pathogens and a link with gene clusters for the utilization of host-derived substrates such as 1,2-propanediol utilization, i.e.

Two critical N-terminal epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein contribute to the cross-reactivity between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

Both porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), which cause high mortality in piglets and produce similar clinical symptoms and histopathological morphology, belong to the genus Alphacoronavirus. Serological diagnosis plays an important role in distinguishing pathogen species. Together with the spike (S) protein, the nucleocapsid (N) protein is one of the immunodominant regions among coronaviruses.

Efficient and reliable surface charge transfer doping of black phosphorus via atomic layer deposited MgO toward high performance complementary circuits.

Black phosphorus (BP), a fast emerging 2D material, has shown great potential in future electronics and optoelectronics owing to its outstanding properties including sizable band gap and ambipolar transport characteristics. However, its hole conduction dominance, featured by a much larger hole mobility and the corresponding on-current than that of the electrons, renders the reliable modulation of its carrier type and density a key challenge, thereby hindering its application to complementary electronics. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and reliable n-type doping for BP transistors via surface functionalization by atomic layer deposited magnesium oxide (MgO) with favorable controllability.

Dimerization of Coronavirus nsp9 with Diverse Modes Enhances Its Nucleic Acid Binding Affinity.

Coronaviruses pose serious health threats to humans and other animals. Understanding the mechanisms of their replication has important implications for global health and economic stability. Nonstructural protein 9 (nsp9) is an essential RNA binding protein for coronavirus replication.

Coexistence of multiple genotypes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with novel mutant S genes in the Hubei Province of China in 2016.

The emergence of highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variants in China caused huge economic losses in 2010. Since then, large-scale sporadic outbreaks of PED caused by PEDV variants have occasionally occurred in China. However, the molecular diversity and epidemiology of PEDV in different provinces has not been completely understood.