Experimental and Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical investigation on cavitation erosion characteristics in Venturi pipes with different divergent angles.

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely found in fluid machinery and has emerged as a significant technology in several engineering fields. To investigate the erosion characteristics caused by HC, experimental tests under varying conditions are conducted in this study using a Venturi test section with different divergent angles. The qualitative erosion risk distributions under different conditions are represented through paint experiments, showing that the erosion risk increases as the divergent angle decreases.

Clinical efficacy of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures with negative medial cortical support: A comparison of lithotomy and scissor position techniques.

Background: Femoral intertrochanteric fractures are a prevalent type of hip fracture among the elderly population. And proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is the leading surgical technique for managing femoral intertrochanteric fractures in this patient population.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in managing intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with negative medial cortical support.

Unveiling a novel model of cell senescence-related genes for prognostic assessment and immunotherapeutic insights in gastric cancer.

Recent studies have shed light on the dysregulated nature of cell senescence in many cancers, with implications for tumor immunity and prognosis. However, it is still unclear what role cellular senescence plays in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). To address this gap, we investigated the impact of cellular senescence on gastric cancer and its potential prognostic and therapeutic significance.

A deep learning approach for early prediction of breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy response on multistage bimodal ultrasound images.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a systemic and systematic chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer patients before surgery. However, NAC is not effective for everyone, and the process is excruciating. Therefore, accurate early prediction of the efficacy of NAC is essential for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Unraveling the mechanisms underlying AOM-induced deterioration of the settling performance of algal floc.

The influence of algal organic matter (AOM) on the settling performance of algal flocs remains poorly understood. To address this, we employed fractionation techniques based on molecular weight to isolate different AOM fractions and analyzed their effects on floc structure and settling performance. This involved comparing the concentrations, compositions, potentials, and functional groups of organic matter before and after coagulation-sedimentation.

A Chaos Synchronization Diagnostic: Difference Time Series Peak Complexity (DTSPC).

Chaotic systems can exhibit completely different behaviors given only slightly different initial conditions, yet it is possible to synchronize them through appropriate coupling. A wide variety of behaviors-complete chaos, complete synchronization, phase synchronization, etc.-across a variety of systems have been identified but rely on systems' phase space trajectories, which suppress important distinctions between very different behaviors and require access to the differential equations.

Single-cell profiling of the amphioxus digestive tract reveals conservation of endocrine cells in chordates.

Despite their pivotal role, the evolutionary origins of vertebrate digestive systems remain enigmatic. We explored the cellular characteristics of the amphioxus () digestive tract, a model for the presumed primitive chordate digestive system, using bulk tissue companioned with single-cell RNA sequencing. Our findings reveal segmentation and a rich diversity of cell clusters, and we highlight the presence of epithelial-like, ciliated cells in the amphioxus midgut and describe three types of endocrine-like cells that secrete insulin-like, glucagon-like, and somatostatin-like peptides.

Potential Anti-Obesity Effect of Hazel Leaf Extract in Mice and Network Pharmacology of Selected Polyphenols.

Obesity is gradually becoming a widespread health problem, and treatment using natural compounds has seen an increasing trend. As a by-product of hazelnut, hazel leaf is usually disposed of as waste, but it is widely used in traditional and folk medicines around the world. Based on previous studies, the effects of the regulation of lipid metabolism and the mechanism of hazel leaf polyphenol extraction obesity were investigated.

Elucidating Anomalous Intensity Ratios in Chlorine L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Multiplet Effects and Core Rydberg Transitions.

A relativistic core-valence-separated equation-of-motion coupled cluster (CVS-EOM-CC) study of chlorine L-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra using CHCl and CHICl as representative molecules is reported. The nearly identical intensity for the main features in the L- and L-edge XANES spectra is attributed to multiplet effects and the overlap between core-valence and core Rydberg transitions. The multiplet effects originating from the interaction between the core hole and the C-Cl σ* orbitals account for around half of the deviation of the L and L intensity ratio from the 2:1 ratio of the numbers of 2p and 2p electrons.

Paeonia genus: a systematic review of active ingredients, pharmacological effects and mechanisms, and clinical applications for the treatment of cancer.

The main active constituents of plants of the Paeonia genus are known to have antitumor activity. Hundreds of compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including monoterpene glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, triterpenoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds have been isolated. Among them, monoterpenes and their glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other constituents have been shown to have good therapeutic effects on various cancers, with the main mechanisms including the induction of apoptosis; the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; and the modulation of immunity.

Exploring the environmental contamination toxicity and potential carcinogenic pathways of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): An integrated network toxicology and molecular docking strategy.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential carcinogenic toxicity and mechanisms of PFAS in thyroid, renal, and testicular cancers base on network toxicology and molecular docking techniques. Structural modeling was performed to predict relevant toxicity information, and compounds and cancer-related targets were screened in multiple databases. The interaction of PFAS with three cancers and their key protein targets were explored by combining protein network analysis, enrichment analysis and molecular docking techniques.

Predicting anti-tumor efficacy of multi-functional nanomedicine on decellularized hepatocellular carcinoma-on-a-chip.

Traditional hepatocellular carcinoma-chip models lack the cell structure and microenvironments necessary for high pathophysiological correlation, leading to low accuracy in predicting drug efficacy and high production costs. This study proposed a decellularized hepatocellular carcinoma-on-a-chip model to screen anti-tumor nanomedicine. In this model, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human normal liver cells (L02) were co-cultured on a three-dimensional (3D) decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) in vitro to mimic the tumor microenvironments of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo.

Liraglutide reduces bone marrow adipogenesis by miR-150-5p/ GDF11 axis in diabetic rats.

In recent years, a common-used antidiabetic drug, liraglutide, was identified with extra effects on lipid metabolism. Its effects against excessive lipid deposition in bone marrow were gained much attention but not well established. Our aim in the present study is to explore the interaction of miRNAs-mRNAs altered by liraglutide administration during bone marrow adipogenesis in diabetes.

High-order rogue wave and mixed interaction patterns for the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.

Under investigation are the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Various localized waves' generation mechanisms have been derived from plane wave solutions using modulation instability. The perturbed continuous waves produce a large number of rogue wave structures through the split-step Fourier numerical method.

Hazel Leaf Polyphenol Extract Alleviated Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Reducing Ferroptosis through Inhibiting Hippo Signaling.

Derived from hazelnuts, hazel leaf has been utilized in traditional folk medicine for centuries in countries such as Portugal, Sweden, and Iran. In our previous investigations, we conducted a preliminary assessment of the hazel leaf polyphenol extract (referred to as ZP) and identified nine compounds, such as kaempferol and chlorogenic acid, in its composition. ZP has shown promising properties as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

Structure-Guided Image Completion With Image-Level and Object-Level Semantic Discriminators.

Structure-guided image completion aims to inpaint a local region of an image according to an input guidance map from users. While such a task enables many practical applications for interactive editing, existing methods often struggle to hallucinate realistic object instances in complex natural scenes. Such a limitation is partially due to the lack of semantic-level constraints inside the hole region as well as the lack of a mechanism to enforce realistic object generation.

Chelerythrine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through Nrf2 in ovarian cancer cells.

Ovarian cancer is a prevalent malignancy in the female reproductive system, representing a significantly fatal and incurable tumor. Chelerythrine (CHE), a natural benzopyridine alkaloid, has demonstrated a broad spectrum of anticancer activities. Nevertheless, the ovarian cancer inhibitory impact of CHE remains unclear.

Risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with acute lower leg compartment syndrome: a retrospective study of 103 cases.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with poor outcomes following acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of lower leg. The secondary objective was to determine if delayed fasciotomy is linked to poor outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective case control study approved by the institutional review board, we identified 103 patients with ACS of the lower leg.

Ginsenoside - a promising natural active ingredient with steroidal hormone activity.

Ginsenosides are a class of natural products with hormone-like activity of triterpenoid saponins and have a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-aging, immune regulation and cognitive improvement. With the great research interest in alternative medicine and natural products, they are gradually becoming research hotspots. Ginsenosides have a four-ring rigid steroid backbone similar to steroid hormones, and a series of experimental studies have shown that they can exhibit hormone-like activity by binding to nuclear receptors or affecting hormone levels, thereby affecting a wide range of inflammatory conditions, cancers, and menopause-related diseases.

Analysis of Polyphenol Extract from Hazel Leaf and Ameliorative Efficacy and Mechanism against Hyperuricemia Zebrafish Model via Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Hazel leaf, a by-product of hazelnuts, is commonly used in traditional folk medicine in Portugal, Sweden, Iran and other regions for properties such as vascular protection, anti-bleeding, anti-edema, anti-infection, and pain relief. Based on our previous studies, the polyphenol extract from hazel leaf was identified and quantified via HPLC fingerprint. The contents of nine compounds including kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, myricetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol, luteolin, gallic acid and ellagic acid in hazel leaf polyphenol extract (ZP) were preliminary calculated, among which kaempferol was the highest with 221.

An endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature featuring ASNS for predicting prognosis and immune landscape in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PRAD) is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system. In order to predict the treatment results for PRAD patients, this study proposes to develop a risk profile based on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Based on the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort and the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE70769), we verified the predictive signature.