Research on Channel Characteristics and Electrode Electrical Performance of Earth Current Field Information Transmission Technology.

Starting from the need for emergency rescue information transmission in tunnel engineering accidents, this article focuses on researching and solving the technical problems of information transmission between rescue personnel and trapped personnel after tunnel engineering collapse accidents, before and during the rescue process. The research objects are the information transmission channel and grounding electrode in the earth current field information transmission technology, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the earth medium and the electrical performance of the grounding electrode are studied and analyzed using the electromagnetic simulation software Maxwell based on finite element algorithm, establish a three-dimensional model based on the transmission of current field information of the ground electrode, analyze the effects of the electrode array, electrode depth, and radius on impedance. Research has shown that the impedance of the earth is related to the resistivity of the medium and is not a human-controllable factor.

Identification of MRAP protein family as broad-spectrum GPCR modulators.

Background: The melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAP1 and MRAP2) are well-known endocrine regulators for the trafficking and signalling of all five melanocortin receptors (MC1R-MC5R). The observation of MRAP2 on regulating several non-melanocortin G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been sporadically reported, whereas other endogenous GPCR partners of the MRAP protein family are largely unknown.

Methods: Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome analysis and drew a fine GPCR blueprint and MRAPs-associated network of two major endocrine organs, the hypothalamus and adrenal gland at single-cell resolution.

Genetically Engineered Pigs as Efficient Salivary Gland Bioreactors for Production of Therapeutically Valuable Human Nerve Growth Factor.

Farm animal salivary glands hold great potential as efficient bioreactors for production of human therapeutic proteins. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is naturally expressed in animal salivary glands and has been approved for human clinical treatment. This study aims to employ transgenic (TG) pig salivary gland as bioreactors for efficient synthesis of human NGF (hNGF).

Reversion of MRAP2 Protein Sequence Generates a Functional Novel Pharmacological Modulator for MC4R Signaling.

As a member of the melanocortin receptor family, melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis and feeding behavior, and has been proven as a promising therapeutic target for treating severe obesity syndrome. Numerous studies have demonstrated that central MC4R signaling is significantly affected by melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) in humans, mice and zebrafish. MRAP2 proteins exist as parallel or antiparallel dimers on the plasma membrane, but the structural insight of dual orientations with the pharmacological profiles has not yet been fully studied.

Determination of the Interaction and Pharmacological Modulation of MCHR1 Signaling by the C-Terminus of MRAP2 Protein.

Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), an orexigenic neuropeptide, is primarily secreted by the hypothalamus and acts on its receptor, the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. The Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2 (MRAP2), a small single transmembrane protein broadly expressed in multiple tissues, has been defined as a vital endocrine modulator of five melanocortin receptors (MC1R-MC5R) and several other GPCRs in the regulation of central neuronal activities and peripheral energy balance. Here, we demonstrated the interaction between MRAP2 and MCHR1 by immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescent assay and found that MRAP2 could inhibit MCHR1 signaling .

Functional Characterization of the Internal Symmetry of MRAP2 Antiparallel Homodimer.

The melanocortin receptors are defined as a series of vital pharmaceutical targets to regulate neuronal appetite and maintain controllable body weight for mammals and teleosts. Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) functions as an essential accessory player that modulates the surface translocation and binding to a variety of endogenous or synthetic hormones of central melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling. MRAP2 is a single-transmembrane protein and could form a functional symmetric antiparallel homodimer topology.

Pharmacological modulation of the cAMP signaling of two isoforms of melanocortin-3 receptor by melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in the tetrapod Xenopus laevis.

As a member of the seven-transmembrane rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is vital for the regulation of energy homeostasis and rhythms synchronizing in mammals, and its pharmacological effect could be directly influenced by the presence of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs), MRAP1 and MRAP2. The tetrapod amphibian Xenopus laevis (xl) retains higher duplicated genome than extant teleosts and serves as an ideal model system for embryonic development and physiological studies. However, the melanocortin system of the Xenopus laevis has not yet been thoroughly evaluated.

Tonalide facilitates methane production from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge.

Tonalide (AHTN), a typical polycyclic musk and an emerging pollutant, was found to be enriched in waste activated sludge (WAS). However, the research of its effect on WAS anaerobic digestion was seldom available. This research therefore investigated the effect of AHTN on WAS anaerobic digestion and the underlying mechanism through batch experiments using either real WAS or synthetic wastewaters as the digestion substrates.

Pharmacological modulation of dual melanocortin-4 receptor signaling by melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in the Xenopus laevis.

Physiological modulation of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling by MRAP2 proteins plays an indispensable role in appetite control and energy homeostasis in the central nervous system. Great interspecies differences of the interaction and regulation of melanocortin receptors by MRAP protein family have been reported in several diploid vertebrates but never been investigated in the tetrapod amphibian Xenopus laevis. Here, we performed phylogenetic and synteny-based analyses to explore the evolutionary aspects of dual copies of X.

Development and validation of a model for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in entecavir-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Achieving hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is a satisfactory endpoint during antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to develop and validate a novel scoring system to predict HBeAg seroconversion during entecavir (ETV) treatment. A total of 526 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB treated with ETV for at least 1 year were randomly assigned to the training and validation cohorts.

Longitudinal Change of Body Mass Index Is Associated With Alanine Aminotransferase Elevation After Complete Viral Suppression in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients.

Background: Little is known about cause and intervention for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation after complete viral suppression in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients with CHB who were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs and maintained undetectable levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for at least 6 months were enrolled. Patients were followed up at 6-month intervals, and anthropometric, biochemical, and virological assessments were performed.

[The application of cone-beam computed tomography and nine partition method on alveolar bone for locating the unerupted teeth].

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and nine partition method on alveolar bone for locating the relative orientation of the unerupted teeth.

Methods: 125 bone unerupted teeth of 99 cases were collected. The bone unerupted teeth zones were scaned by CBCT.