Pineoblastoma (PB) is a rare yet lethal pediatric brain cancer of the pineal gland, a small endocrine organ that secretes melatonin to regulate the circadian rhythm. For PB patients ≤5 years of age, the overall survival rate is approximately 15%; metastatic PB is incurable. Standard treatment, including surgical resection, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy, improves survival but compromises neurocognitive function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnantioselective total syntheses of (+)-kobusine, (+)-spirasine IX and the proposed structure of (+)-orgetine were achieved. A unique approach was developed to construct a cage-like hexacyclic ring system that underwent an HAT-initiated radical rearrangement to forge the hetisine-type scaffold. Subsequent late-stage redox manipulations, including an intramolecular hydride shift, were deployed to provide different C20-diterpenoid alkaloids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Electrocatalytic reduction (ECR) of furfural represents a sustainable route for biomass valorization. Unfortunately, traditional Cu-catalyzed ECR suffers from diversified product distribution and industrial-incompatible production rates, mainly caused by the intricate mechanism-performance relationship. Here, we manipulate hydrogenation pathways on Cu by introducing ceria as an auxiliary component, which enables the mechanism switching from proton-coupled electron transfer to electrochemical hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and thus high-speed furfural-to-furfuryl alcohol electroconversion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA total of 4006 tropical and subtropical rice germplasms were screened for brown planthopper resistance, and the resistance mechanisms of 63 highly resistant accessions were characterized. This led to the designation of three novel resistance QTLs: Bph47, Bph48, and Bph49. The brown planthopper (BPH) is a significant piercing-sucking pest of rice plants that causes widespread destruction globally.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disorders. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) plays essential roles in human pathobiology, and we recently showed that DPP-4 levels are increased by chronic stress in murine models. We here investigated the role of DPP-4 in stress-related cardiac injury and dysfunction in mice, focusing on oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition characterized by inflammation, tissue damage, and persistent activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which exacerbates the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and promotes the progression of ALI. Specific inhibition of this pathway has been shown to alleviate ALI symptoms. Kaempferol-3---L-(4″--p-coumaroyl)-rhamnoside (KAE), an active compound found in the flowers of Kitagawa, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Despite evidence of the efficacy of decursinol angelate (DA), a prescription medication derived farom traditional Chinese medicine, in alleviating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the precise mechanisms behind its action remain unclear.
Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induction were used as and models of IBD, respectively, to assess the role of DA in alleviating IBD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum, Western blot was performed to detect the expression of TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway tight junction (TJ) proteins in colon tissues and cells, and immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR were used to validate the proteins related to this signaling pathway.
The interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK is known to regulate osteoclastogenesis in bone remodelling and has become an important therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Stephanine (SA), an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid isolated from Stephania plants, possesses excellent anti-inflammatory effects and can be used for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. However, its specific role in osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new multifunctional emulsifier was synthesized by coupling maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 19 to vitamin E succinate. Two emulsifiers with varying degrees of vitamin E succinate substitution were prepared based on different mass ratios of vitamin E succinate to maltodextrin. The molecular structure and purity of these emulsifiers were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Death Dis
November 2024
Ferroptosis is a distinctive process of cellular demise that is linked to amino acid metabolism, lipid oxidation, and iron oxidation. The ferroptosis cascade genes, which are closely associated with the onset of lung diseases, are among the regulatory targets of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Although the regulation of ferroptosis is mostly mediated by Nrf2, the precise roles and underlying regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and Nrf2 in lung illness remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Insect Biochem Physiol
November 2024
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
November 2024
While studies have shown that Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas) can alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice, the therapeutic role of its main active ingredient, decursin, is uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of decursin against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in vivo using mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study describes a modeling framework, model evaluation, and source apportionment to understand the causes of Los Angeles (LA) air pollution. A few major updates are applied to the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with a high spatial resolution (1 km × 1 km). The updates include dynamic traffic emissions based on real-time, on-road information and recent emission factors and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) schemes to represent volatile chemical products (VCPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasurement of viscoelastic characteristics of cells cultured in three-dimensional (3D) is critical to study many biological processes including tissue and organ growth. In this article, we present a unique electrical aspiration method to measure the viscoelastic properties of cell spheroids. A microfluidic sensor was created to demonstrate this method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitoids often exhibit high flexibility in their development depending on stages of their host at the parasitism, yet little is known about the mechanism underlying such flexibility. In the study, we evaluated the larval development time of the parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae) on the lepidopteran model insect Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). We found that the development duration of E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: With the evolution of disease patterns and the continuous pursuit of persons for high-quality nursing services, new nurses are the reserve talents of the nursing team and shoulder a major mission. However, due to their low work performance and high turnover rate, this is not conducive to the stable development of nursing teams, and it is urgent to solve this problem. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of work readiness on the work performance of new nurses, focusing on the mediating role of organizational justice and professional identity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignant tumors among women, significantly endangering their health and lives. While radical surgery has been a pivotal method for halting disease progression, it alone is insufficient for enhancing the quality of life for patients.
Aim: To investigate the correlation between ultrasound characteristic parameters of breast cancer lesions and clinical efficacy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Osteosarcoma is a highly metastatic, aggressive bone cancer that occurs in children and young adults worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial molecules for osteosarcoma progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of circMRPS35 overexpression and its interaction with FOXO1 via evaluating apoptosis, cell cycle, and bioinformatic analyses on the malignant development of osteosarcoma in MG63 and MNNG/HOS cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAir pollution exposure is closely linked to population age and socioeconomic status. Population aging and imbalance in regional economy are thus anticipated to have important implications on ozone (O)-related health impacts. Here we provide a driver analysis for O mortality burden due to respiratory disease in China over 2013-2050 driven by population aging and regional inequity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo investigate the wear and corrosion of titanium alloy spinal implants in vivo, we evaluated removed implants and their surrounding scar tissues from 27 patients between May 2019 and April 2021. We performed scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and histological analysis. The results revealed metal-like particles in the soft tissues of seven patients, without any considerable increase in inflammatory cell infiltration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChildren in malaria-endemic regions can experience repeated Plasmodium infections over short periods of time. Effects of re-infection on multiple co-existing CD4 T cell subsets remain unresolved. Here, we examine antigen-experienced CD4 T cells during re-infection in mice, using scRNA-seq/TCR-seq and spatial transcriptomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphological profiling is a valuable tool in phenotypic drug discovery. The advent of high-throughput automated imaging has enabled the capturing of a wide range of morphological features of cells or organisms in response to perturbations at the single-cell resolution. Concurrently, significant advances in machine learning and deep learning, especially in computer vision, have led to substantial improvements in analyzing large-scale high-content images at high throughput.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional connectivity (FC) obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been integrated with machine learning algorithms to deliver consistent and reliable brain disease classification outcomes. However, in classical learning procedures, custom-built specialized feature selection techniques are typically used to filter out uninformative features from FC patterns to generalize efficiently on the datasets. The ability of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and other deep learning models to extract informative features from data with grid structure (such as images) has led to the surge in popularity of these techniques.
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