[Mental evaluation of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in different treatment settings].

New one hundred and five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were examined to evaluate the mental status in different treatment settings: a day hospital, a polyclinic, and a hospital. The Aizenok questionnaire. Shihan's test, and a clinical and symptomatological questionnaire and interviews with patients were used for psychological studies.

[Debatable issues in the problem of somatoform and related disorders].

The questions of including into ICD-10 and DSM-III-R of extranosological category--somatoform disorders is discussed. Some positive moments were considered, but inexpediency of the limitation of somatoform disorders to psychological disturbances only, doubtfulness of both including psychosomatic diseases in this category and age limitations in beginning and duration of the disease were stressed. The concept of somatopsychic diseases was proposed with three main variations: 1) with relatively independent rise of somatic and psychic disorders, 2) with prevailing etiopathogenic role of psychic factor (psychosomatic disorders, somatized psychic disturbances, somatoform neurotic and psychosomatic disturbances), 3) with prevailing etiopathogenic role of somatic factors (somatogenic psychic disorders).

[The factors affecting the mental health status and dynamics of the population].

The main factors having influence upon the state and the dynamics of mental health of population were considered on the basis of both literature data and authors own observations. The following groups of factors influencing either rise of psychical disorders incidence or their development as well as accumulation of patients in population were distinguished as well as corresponding epidemiological indices were identified too: 1) the level of psychiatric aid development, the principles of it organisation, 2) the inner conditions of diseases development, 3) social factors, 4) natural and anthropogenic environment.

[The estimation of the public danger of schizophrenia patients based on epidemiological research data].

The article presents the proportion of different categories of patients with schizophrenia performing socially dangerous actions (SDA) in the total number of registered patients. It describes features of the disease, sex, age specific for clinical presentation background. Complex evaluation of factors, including premorbid of personality traits and environmental phenomena is considered to be very important because of its prognostic significance.

[Medico-demographic models in psychiatry].

The paper presents data on current mental disease prevalence, on some aspects of psychiatric service management, on social damage inflicted by psychic diseases and financial resources the society is willing to give off for relevant compensations. The importance of social modelling of the patients for prognostication of their life and estimation of the disease-induced damages is emphasized. Different forms of therapeutic modalities in psychiatry are analyzed in terms of efficacy.

[Psychiatric services in the USSR and their various indicators].

The development of psychiatry in the USSR is reviewed bearing in mind the dynamics of the main characteristics of mental patients registered at the psychoneurological dispensaries (PND). In 1965, 2188.5 thousand patients were on the books at the PND in this country, whereas in 1987, their number rose to 10201.

[Effect of social factors on the prevalence and course of schizophrenia].

The results of comparative clinico-epidemiological study of schizophrenic patients in the three populations differing in their socioeconomic and cultural conditions allowed us to identify the disease characteristics determined by general pathogenic mechanisms (relationship of initiation and prevalence of one or another course types with age and sex of the patients) and characteristics liable to changes under impact of social factors (the prevalence of the disease, its representation in different age groups. Relationship of the forms of its course, syndromological structure, clinical features, nature of social and labor adaptation). Migration, cultural features, socioeconomic level of the region, educational level are stressed among the factors influencing the incidence of schizophrenia, its course and social and labor adaptation.

[Disordered DNA repair in the lymphocytes of patients with schizophrenia depending on the form of the course of the disease].

Employing the appropriate technique the authors have examined lymphocytes of 26 patients suffering from schizophrenia of different types. The study has shown distinct disorders of DNA reparation associated with this disease, which is suggestive of deficiency or noncoordination of the enzymatic system explained by mutations in corresponding genes. Disorders of DNA reparation have until recently been known to be associated only with hereditary diseases.

[Disorders of repair processes in the lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients, cultured in vitro].

Repair disorders of DNA damage induced by gamma-radiation and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide treatment in cultivated lymphocytes of patients with schizophrenia. 13 criteria were used for estimation of repair activity (reactivation of viral host cells) repair synthesis, reparation of DNA breaks, formation of spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchanges.

[International study of schizophrenia based on a WHO program. Purposes and methods of the study].

The authors report on a new transcultural investigation of schizophrenia in the framework of the WHO programme which involved 13 research centres from 10 countries and was aimed at identifying the prevalence, clinical manifestations and regularities of the course of schizophrenia in different countries. The authors discuss methodological requirements to the conduction of large-scale clinical and epidemiological cross-cultural studies and analyze the methodological experience of the current WHO programme.

[Inhibition of repair activity induced by gamma-, UV-irradiation and radiomimetics in cultured cells from schizophrenia patients].

A study was made of the processes of repair, virus reactivation, and formation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in blood cells of patients with schizophrenia after the effect of gamma-radiation and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. These processes were estimated by 12 criteria. The mutagen-induced disturbances in the processes of repair and SCE formation were found in cells of patients with schizophrenia and were absent in the control cells of healthy donors.

[Problem and significance of cross-cultural studies in psychiatry].

Transcultural studies in psychiatry allow for the judgement about differences and prevalence of psychic diseases in the region and an individual ethnic group, characterized by definite features of culture, and for exploration of the effects of these features on the occurrence of one or another psychic abnormality, shaping, pathoplasty and rehabilitation of the patients as well. In this connection, transcultural studies are of great importance for elucidation of the importance of the conditions of social life in the formation of psychopathological phenomena and in the progress of epidemiological studies in psychiatry.

[Comparative clinico-epidemiologic study of schizophrenic patients living in the central region and far northeast USSR].

The paper deals with comparative clinico-epidemiological studies on populations of schizophrenics, living in some districts of Moscow and the Far North-East of the USSR. It was shown that the clinical picture of schizophrenia in the North-East regions of the country is characterized by a milder development, a prevalence of relatively light psychopathological syndromes and attack-like forms of the disease. It was also demonstrated that the working capacity of patients in the North is higher, which is also related to the forms of development of schizophrenia and the microsocial conditions of this region.