New dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from saponins.

Background: saponin (PNS) is the extraction from the roots and rhizomes of (Burk.) F. H.

Structure elucidation and NMR assignment of two new eudesmane derivatives from Merremia yunnanensis.

Two new eudesmane derivatives, 1α,6β,9β-trihydroxy-eudesm-3-ene-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 1α,6β,9β-trihydroxy-eudesm-3-ene-1-(6-cinnamoyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) were discovered from Merremia yunnanensis. The structures were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data including HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. It should be noted that this is the first report about structure elucidation and NMR assignment of compounds from M.

Innovative development path of ethnomedicines: a case study.

Innovative development extends the vitality of ethnomedicines. Developing ethnomedicines is not only beneficial to the public but also to the related industry and transforms economic growth, driving local social and economic development further. Its economic benefit can be used to optimize and promote the hardware and software of the platform, as well as support the sustainable development of ethnomedicines.

Innovative development path of ethnomedicines: the interpretation of the path.

One of the primary purposes of the innovative development of ethnomedicines is to use their excellent safety and significant efficacy to serve a broader population. To achieve this purpose, modern scientific and technological means should be referenced, and relevant national laws and regulations as well as technical guides should be strictly followed to develop standards and to perform systemic research in producing ethnomedicines. Finally, ethnomedicines, which are applied to a limited extent in ethnic areas, can be transformed into safe, effective, and quality-controllable medical products to relieve the pain of more patients.

Using hydrodynamic model to predict PFOS and PFOA transport in the Daling River and its tributary, a heavily polluted river into the Bohai Sea, China.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are extremely persistent in the environment, and have the potential for long-range transport. The present study focused on the Daling River and its tributary, a larger river flowing into Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Sea. Recent studies have shown the elevated levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Daling River.

Chemical constituents from the roots of Ampelopsis delavayana and their antibacterial activities.

Two new aromatic glycosides, 2-methylphenyl O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 2-methylphenyl O-α-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), together with eight known compounds were isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis delavayana. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, the in vitro antibacterial activities of 1 and 2 were investigated using serial twofold dilution in three bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Coupled production and emission of short chain perfluoroalkyl acids from a fast developing fluorochemical industry: Evidence from yearly and seasonal monitoring in Daling River Basin, China.

Short chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been developed since 2002 by the major manufacturers to replace the conventional C8 and higher homologues, with much of the world production shifted to China in recent years. In this study, we conducted a continuous monitoring program over the period 2011-2014 with seasonal monitoring in 2013 for PFAAs emitted from two rapidly developing fluorochemical industry parks located in the Daling River Basin, Northern China. The trend of PFAA contamination was identified, dominated by perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with the maximum concentrations of 3.

[A new biflavone from Dysosma versipellis].

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical constituents in the root of Dysosma versipellis(Hance) M. Cheng. The constituents were isolated by silica gel, lichroprep RP-C(18) and pharmadex LH-20 column chromatography and the IR, MS, NMR, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis were employed for the structural elucidation.

Diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum brachypodum Diels.

A new diterpenoid alkaloid, named bullatine H (1), along with 10 known diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from the roots of Aconitum brachypodum Diels (Ranunculaceae). The structure of 1 was elucidated by analysis of its spectroscopic data. It should be noted that compound 1 is the first example with 11, 13-dioxygenated denudatine-type diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from Aconitum brachypodum.

Innovative development path of ethnomedicines: an overview of ethnomedicines in China.

In the long history of disease prevention and treatment, ancestral populations worldwide have gained knowledge and experiences in traditional medicines. For instance, ethnomedicines of Chinese ethnic minorities constitute an important part of traditional medicines. In our study, we firstly clarified the concept of ethnomedicines and the connotations of ethnopharmacology.

Shifts in production of perfluoroalkyl acids affect emissions and concentrations in the environment of the Xiaoqing River Basin, China.

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been widely used in surfactant applications, especially as processing acids for fluoropolymer production. This study provides an analysis of sources of certain PFAAs emitted from the intensive fluoropolymer facilities in the Xiaoqing River Basin of China. Concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as great as 0.

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Daling River with concentrated fluorine industries in China: seasonal variation, mass flow, and risk assessment.

In the present study, we investigated concentrations and composition profiles of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water from the Daling River in different seasons. The highest concentration of ΣPFASs (9540 ng L(-1)) and dominant homologues were found in surface water collected in summer. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were the dominant PFASs in four seasons with a total contribution of over 90%.

Perfluoroalkyl substances in Daling River adjacent to fluorine industrial parks: implication from industrial emission.

The pollution level and source of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in mainstream and tributary of Daling River in northeast China were investigated in present study. Concentrations of PFASs in surface water and sediment ranged from 4.6 to 3,410 ng/L and from 0.

[Risk assessment and countermeasures of BTEX contamination in soils of typical pesticide factory].

Soil samples around three representative pesticide factories were collected in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and analyzed to identify their pollution characteristics and health risk of BTEX by purge-and trap and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method. Total concentrations of BTEX in soils in Plant A, B and C ranged from 673.50 to 32 363.

[Risk assessment and countermeasures of heavy metals pollution in Wanquan segment of Yanghe River].

In order to investigate heavy metals contamination status in Wanquan segment of Yanghe River, Zhangjiakou, 9 water and sediments samples were collected respectively for analyzing Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg and As, with water quality indicators determined at the same time. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) was then employed to evaluate potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments. Results indicated that the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in water samples ranged from 1.

Occurrence and transport of 17 perfluoroalkyl acids in 12 coastal rivers in south Bohai coastal region of China with concentrated fluoropolymer facilities.

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. While PFAAs manufacturing becomes regulated in developed countries, production has been partly shifted to China. Eight fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities located in the South Bohai coastal region, one of the most populated areas of China, have been used to manufacture PFAA-related substances since 2001.

Benzene homologues in environmental matrixes from a pesticide chemical region in China: Occurrence, health risk and management.

The contamination status and health risks of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in air, soil, dust and groundwater were evaluated in a pesticide chemical region located in Hebei province, China. The concentrations of BTEX in air ranged from 7.80 to 238ug/m(3) and those in soil and dust ranged from lower than limit of detection (LOD) to 32,360ng/g dw, and those in groundwater varied from 2.

[Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in pesticide factory].

A method for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air by summa canister collecting and gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy detecting was adopted. Pollution condition and characteristics of VOCs were discussed in three representative pesticide factories in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Meanwhile, an internationally recognized four-step evaluation model of health risk assessment was applied to preliminarily assess the health risk caused by atmospheric VOCs in different exposure ways, inhalation and dermal exposure.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sediments from South Bohai coastal watersheds, China.

This study investigated the concentrations and distribution of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediments of 12 rivers from South Bohai coastal watersheds. The highest concentrations of ΣPFAS (31.920 ng g(-1) dw) and PFOA (29.

[Risk assessment and countermeasure of BTEX in pesticide factory].

BTEX are important environmental pollutants, harmful to human through respiratory inhalation, digestive tract and skin contact, and also have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. BTEX were detected in multi-media to identify their distributions and assess their human health risk in a pesticide factory in Hebei province. Purge and trap GC-MS, adsorption/thermal desorption GC chromatography and the health risk assessment model were applied, and corresponding management measures were proposed.

Transdermal permeation of geniposide in the herbal complex liniment in vivo and in vitro.

Zhongtong Caji, a kind of liniment, is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula that is widely used for clinical treatment of inflammation and sprains. In this study, the principal effective compound of this formula, geniposide, was used as a criterion to represent the transdermal permeability of the whole formula. A passive diffusion of Zhongtong Caji through the stratum corneum was discovered by an in vitro experiment.

Three new flavonoid glycosides isolated from Elsholtzia bodinieri.

Three new flavonoid glycosides, eriodictyol 7-O-(6''-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), eriodictyol 7-O-[6''-(3'''-hydroxy-4'''-methoxy cinnamoyl)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and luteolin 7-O-[6''-(3'''-hydroxy-4'''-methoxy cinnamoyl)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), and eight known flavonoids were isolated from the whole plants of Elsholtzia bodinieri. The structures of the 3 new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.