hypermethylation is a risk factor of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To identify the differential methylation sites (DMS) and their according genes associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) development in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) children.

Methods: This study consists of two surveys. A total of 40 T1DM children was included in the first survey.

Study on the correlation between iris blood flow, iris thickness and pupil diameter in the resting state and after pharmacological mydriasis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: To investigate whether iris blood flow and iris thickness at the iris smooth muscle region affect the pupil diameter at rest and after drug-induced mydriasis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: T1DM patients and healthy children were recruited from the SCADE cohort. T2DM patients and healthy adults were recruited from patients undergoing cataract surgery at Shanghai General Hospital.

Metagenomic analysis of microbiological changes on the ocular surface of diabetic children and adolescents with a dry eye.

Background: Microbiome changes on the ocular surface may cause dry eyes. A metagenome assay was used to compare the microbiome composition and function of the ocular surface between diabetic children and adolescents with dry eye, diabetic children and adolescents without dry eye, and normal children.

Materials And Methods: Twenty children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 with diabetes were selected from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye Study.

Discrepancies in Vessel Density and Blood Flow Distribution in Different Areas of the Iris among Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus may compromise the vasculature of the iris, thereby leading to severe vision-threatening complications. This study aimed to investigate differences in iris blood flow indices between pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

Changes and related factors of blood CCN1 levels in diabetic patients.

Objective: To study the differences in blood cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) levels between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to explore the relationship between CCN1 and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Plasma CCN1 levels were detected using ELISA in 50 healthy controls, 74 patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM group), and 69 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group). Correlations between CCN1 levels and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and other factors were analyzed.

Significantly different results in the ocular surface microbiome detected by tear paper and conjunctival swab.

Background: Great variation has been observed in the composition of the normal microbiota of the ocular surface, and therefore, in addition to differences in detection techniques, the method of collecting ocular surface specimens has a significant impact on the test results.The goal of this study is to ascertain whether the eye surface microbial communities detected by two different sampling methods are consistent and hence explore the feasibility of using tear test paper instead of conjunctival swabs to collect eye surface samples for microbial investigation.

Materials And Methods: From July 15, 2021, to July 30, 2021, nonirritating tear test strips and conjunctival swabs of both eyes were used in 158 elderly people (> 60 years old) (79 diabetic and 79 nondiabetic adults) in Xinjing Community for high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Microbiological Characteristics of Ocular Surface Associated With Dry Eye in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: To analyze the characteristics of ocular surface microbial composition in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus and dry eye (DE) by tear analysis.

Methods: We selected 65 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years with DE and non-DE diabetes mellitus and 33 healthy children in the same age group from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye Study. Tears were collected for high-throughput sequencing of the V3 and V4 region of 16S rRNA.

Increased serum 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels are correlated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in both children and adults with diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between serum 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Children from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye (SCADE) study and adults from the Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE) were examined in 2021. Serum 12-HETE levels were detected and compared.

Two-year longitudinal study on changes in thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To study changes in the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy (DR) after 2 years of follow-up and analyze the associated factors.

Methods: Thirty-seven children with T1DM were enrolled in this study. All children underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation that included swept-source optical coherence tomography at baseline and follow-up.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study.

To investigate the incidence and risk factors of dry eye in children with diabetes mellitus (DM) over a period of 3 years. Children and adolescents with DM (age: 3-14 years) from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye (SCADE) study cohort who did not have dry eye in January 2018 were followed-up for 3 years and re-examined in January 2021, and the incidence rate and risk factors for dry eye were calculated. Forty children and adolescents with DM came for follow-up in 2021.

Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Children with Moderate-to-High Hyperopia.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, and choroidal thickness in children with moderate-to-high hyperopia (MHH).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 53 children with MHH and 53 emmetropic children. Subjects with a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of +4.

Recent Epidemiology Study Data of Myopia.

Myopia, a pandemic refractive error, is affecting more and more people. The progression of myopia could cause numerously serious complications, even leading to blindness. This review summarizes the epidemiological studies on myopia after 2018 and analyzes the risk factors associated with myopia.