Publications by authors named "Zhaoyi Sun"
Background: Oxidative damage and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) are the primary factors contributing to the development of age-related cataracts (ARC). The potential protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on LECs remain unclear despite its remarkable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to explore the role of serine/threonine-protein kinase (PAK1) in EGCG-mediated attenuation of H2O2-induced apoptosis of LECs in vivo and in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving Fairness of Automated Chest Radiograph Diagnosis by Contrastive Learning.
Radiol Artif Intell
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to create an AI model using supervised contrastive learning (SCL) to reduce bias in diagnosing chest radiographs, particularly for COVID-19.
- Evaluated on two large datasets (MIDRC and ChestX-ray14), the model showed significant improvements in reducing bias across different demographic groups, with various measures displaying strong statistical significance.
- The findings suggest that SCL can enhance fairness and reliability in AI-driven diagnostic methods for chest radiographs, making it a promising tool in medical imaging.
Role of MST2/YAP1 signaling pathway in retinal cells apoptosis and diabetic retinopathy.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- * The research utilized a diabetic rat model and various staining and analysis techniques to determine that MST2 levels were elevated in diabetic rats and its expression is linked to the apoptosis of RGC-5 cells triggered by high glucose.
- * Findings suggest that the MST2/YAP1 signaling pathway is crucial in the development of DR, highlighting the potential for new drug development aimed at targeting this pathway to prevent the disease.
Article Synopsis
- * Flexible EUR is synthesized by integrating polyurethane segments with epoxy, and the effects of different ratios of E12 and EUR on the resin's mechanical properties and viscoelasticity are investigated.
- * Results show that the optimal E12 content for best coating viscosity and minimal bending creep lies between 20%wt and 50%wt, with strength increasing up to 50%wt but decreasing thereafter.
Article Synopsis
- DNA methylation is crucial in the development of age-related cataracts (ARC), and this study investigates potential epigenetic biomarkers linked to these changes.
- Using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip, researchers compared DNA methylation in ARC patients to controls, finding over 52,000 differentially methylated sites, revealing significant hypermethylation and hypomethylation patterns.
- Through functional analysis and verification methods, the study identified specific genes with altered methylation levels that could be used as molecular markers for better prevention and treatment strategies for ARC.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers manually reviewed 392 credible articles to create a gold standard corpus, categorizing them based on relevance to postpartum depression and related topics, then applied advanced NLP models like BERT and gpt-3.5-turbo for improved classification.
- * The findings suggest that leveraging NLP can effectively direct patients to trustworthy health education resources, making it easier to provide personalized and relevant information for better mental health outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Age-related cataract (ARC) is primarily caused by oxidative stress leading to the death of lens epithelial cells, and the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea has been shown to reduce this cell death and lens clouding in older mice.
- Transcriptome analysis identified RASSF2 as a key gene influenced by EGCG, with higher levels of RASSF2 linked to ARC in both clinical samples and mouse tissues.
- RASSF2 was found to play a significant role in preventing apoptosis of lens epithelial cells through its regulation of AKT phosphorylation, suggesting a potential targeted treatment approach using EGCG for age-related cataracts.
A scoping review on multimodal deep learning in biomedical images and texts.
J Biomed Inform
October 2023
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses the need for future diagnostic systems to integrate various data types, emphasizing multimodal deep learning (MDL) which combines images and text to improve biomedical data analysis.
- It outlines a systematic review aimed at identifying the current applications of MDL, focusing on five key tasks: report generation, visual question answering, cross-modal retrieval, computer-aided diagnosis, and semantic segmentation.
- The review serves to underscore the potential of MDL in biomedical research and encourages collaboration between natural language processing and medical imaging to enhance decision-making and diagnostic systems.
Article Synopsis
- - Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), like GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT, have shown promise in performing well on tasks without needing extensive training, especially in medical evidence summarization across various clinical areas.
- - This study evaluates these models through both automatic and human assessments and highlights that automatic metrics may not reliably reflect the actual quality of the summaries produced.
- - Results indicate that LLMs can generate summaries that contain factual inaccuracies, make dubious or vague statements, and are particularly challenged when summarizing longer texts, raising concerns about the risk of misinformation in high-stakes medical settings.
Article Synopsis
- Future diagnostic systems should process various data types simultaneously, leveraging multimodal deep learning (MDL) to enhance biomedical data analysis.
- A scoping review aims to assess current research, pinpoint gaps, and explore future directions, primarily focusing on the integration of biomedical images and texts.
- The study identifies five key applications of MDL—report generation, visual question answering, cross-modal retrieval, computer-aided diagnosis, and semantic segmentation—highlighting its versatility and potential in improving medical decision-making.
Article Synopsis
- Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT show promise in performing zero- and few-shot tasks, including medical evidence summarization in various clinical areas.
- *Our research includes both automatic and human evaluations to assess summary quality, revealing that automated metrics don’t always reflect the true quality of the summaries.
- *We identified specific errors in the models' outputs, such as generating factually inconsistent information and struggling with longer texts, which raises concerns about the potential for misinformation in high-stakes medical contexts.*
Article Synopsis
- * Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used alongside experimental results to analyze how CP52 enhances the damping properties of NBR through specific hydrogen bond formations.
- * Increased CP52 content led to more hydrogen bonds and better damping characteristics, indicating a promising method for optimizing damping materials and expanding the use of small polar molecules in rubber modifications.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the use of carboxyl-terminated polybutylene adipate (CTPBA) to modify epoxy resin and its effects on the adhesive's bonding and mechanical properties.
- It was found that pre-polymerizing the epoxy resin before mixing with CTPBA leads to significantly better bonding and mechanical performance than direct blending techniques.
- The results showed that while increasing CTPBA content improved shear strength up to a certain point (40 phr), it decreased tensile strength; however, elongation at break increased, and the modified resin maintained good thermal stability despite some changes in thermal decomposition characteristics.
Article Synopsis
- Age-related cataract (ARC) is linked to visual impairment, and the study examines the MST2/YAP1/GLUT1 pathway's role in ARC development and lens cell apoptosis.
- In ARC patients and aged mice, increased MST2 and phosphorylated YAP levels, along with decreased YAP1 and GLUT1 levels, were observed in lens epithelial cells (LECs).
- The findings suggest that targeting the MST2/YAP1/GLUT1 pathway could lead to new treatments for ARC by preventing or delaying lens cell apoptosis.
Article Synopsis
- Age-related cataract (ARC) is a leading cause of blindness in older adults, and this study aimed to uncover the genes involved in its development.
- Researchers collected lens samples from ARC patients and healthy individuals to analyze gene expression differences using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools.
- The study found 698 genes that were up-regulated and 414 down-regulated in ARC patients, contributing to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms.
Article Synopsis
- Radiotherapy can damage DNA, which may trigger an immune response against tumors, but the response is often weak due to difficulties in recognizing DNA in the cytosol and its degradation by DNases.
- By timing the delivery of manganese (Mn) after radiotherapy, researchers can enhance the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, which boosts the immune response against tumors.
- Using alginate to control the release of Mn after radiation allows for a more effective treatment, achieving over 90% tumor inhibition and significantly extending survival times, even in tumors that haven't been irradiated.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the roles of a specific circular RNA, hsa_circ_0001588, in lung adenocarcinoma, finding it to be significantly upregulated in tumor tissues and linked to worse clinical outcomes.
- Functional experiments demonstrated that hsa_circ_0001588 enhances cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suggesting it acts as an oncogene.
- The mechanism involves hsa_circ_0001588 binding to miR-524-3p, which increases the expression of NACC1, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
MDM2 phosphorylation mediates HO-induced lens epithelial cells apoptosis and age-related cataract.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
July 2020
Article Synopsis
- * Findings show that levels of phosphorylated MDM2 (p-MDM2) are lower in both human cataracts and aging cataract mice compared to normal samples.
- * The research indicates that MDM2 can regulate apoptosis in LECs and that its phosphorylation might be linked to treatments for ARC, suggesting potential for new clinical approaches.
Using HPLC to analyze (S)-oxiracetam and four related substances in the bulk drug of (S)-oxiracetam.
J Pharm Biomed Anal
February 2020
(S)-oxiracetam is undergoing clinical trials as an active ingredient in the racemic oxiracetam. Here, we report a specific analytical method for analyzing (S)-oxiracetam and four related impurities in the bulk drug of (S)-oxiracetam by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The chromatographic system included a Capcell pak NH analytical column, a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-water (95:5, v/v; pH adjusted to 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * They exhibit excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them safer options than nanoparticle carriers.
- * Smart hydrogels can adapt to environmental changes (like heat or pH) to control drug release, improving delivery efficiency, and the paper summarizes ongoing research and design strategies for these advanced hydrogels.
[Giant fibrovascular polyp of hypopharynx - a case report].
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
February 2010
Article Synopsis
- * Findings indicated that both coal miners and rabbits experienced decreased tear production, break-up time (BUT), and lysozyme levels due to coal dust exposure.
- * Increased levels of TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B p65 were observed in the ocular surfaces, suggesting these molecules may play a role in the body’s response to coal dust-related eye injuries and the development of dry eye (xerophthalmia).
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of lymph node micrometastasis (LNMM) on the basis of the detection of MUC1 mRNA, and assess the impact of these micrometastases on disease-free interval after resection of pathologic N0 (pN0) esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).
Methods: The subjects were 93 patients who underwent complete resection of pN0 ESCC at our department between January 1999 and January 2001. All lymph nodes (426 stations) obtained from these patients were reevaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect MUC1 mRNA.